NUCLEUS Information and administrative centre of the cell Surrounded by a double membrane Control centre for metabolism and reproduction Contains genetic information in the form of DNA which is the subunit of genes found on chromosomes Surrounded by the nuclear membrane which contains pores which control the passage of substances in and out of the cell Contains the nucleoli which are densely composed of DNA, RNA, and protein The nucleoli are the sites of the production of ribosomes

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell It is connected to the double layered nuclear envelope, providing a connection between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

CHLOROPLAST Found in photosynthetic protists, bacteria, and plants Site of photosynthesis Converts radiant energy into chemical energy Requires CO2, light, and water Produces sugar, O2

MITOCHONDRION Oblong shaped organelles Power generators that convert oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients into usable energy The by-products of this series of reactions called cellular respiration are CO2, water, and ATP (the energy storage molecule) Folded inner mitochondrial membrane provides a greater surface area for more biochemical reactions

Mitochondria cristae

GOLGI COMPLEX Distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products Modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export to the outside of the cell

Golgi Bodies

CENTRIOLES Self-replicating organelles made up of nine bundles of microtubules found only in animal cells Help organize cell division (mitosis/meiosis) but aren’t essential to the process

CILIA and FLAGELLA For single-celled eukaryotes, cilia are essential for the locomotion of individual organisms In multi-cellular organisms, cilia function to move fluid or materials past an immobile cell as well as moving a cell or group of cells

Ciliates: Didinium ingesting Paramecium

FLAGELLA Sperm use flagella to propel themselves toward the egg

LYSOSOMES Digestion Break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple compounds These compounds are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials

RIBOSOME Constructed of RNA and protein Site of the production of proteins with the help of the genetic blueprints provided by the DNA in the nucleus Protein strand

-Outer wall of plant cells -Made of cellulose for support

Vacuole -found in both plant and animal cells -50-70% volume of a plant cell (support)