1. Cell Structure and Organelles

2. Cell wall functions to protect and support cells
made of a rigid material called cellulose in plants
animal cells don’t have cell walls

3. Cell Membrane protects the cell
controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell (selectively permeable)
found in all cells

4. The cell membrane is made of phospholipids that are constantly moving.
Small molecules (e.g. CO2, O2, H2O) can diffuse through the phospholipids.
Proteins are embedded in the membrane that act as channels to move larger molecules in and out.

5. Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is everything inside the cell membrane, but outside the nucleus.
The cytosol is a jelly-like substance made mostly of water that fills the cell.
Organelles are located in the cytoplasm.

6. Nucleus and Nucleolus Nucleus: Is the control centre of the cell
contains chromosomes (made of DNA)
Nucleolus:
a dense area within the nucleus where
ribosomes are produced

7. Mitochondrion
tiny, sausage-shaped organelle that provides cells with energy (ATP)
mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration
ATP is used by other organelles for energy for cell processes
sugar + O2  CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP)

8. Ribosome
ribosomes are microscopic spheres attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytoplasm
ribosomes make proteins

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
a twisting network of canals
functions to transport materials throughout the cell
may have ribosomes attached to it (rough ER);
smooth ER has no ribosomes attached

10. Golgi Apparatus flattened sacs that produce vesicles (transport sacs)
they function to modify and export proteins

11. Lysosome saclike structure formed by the Golgi complex
contains enzymes that can break down large molecules or worn out cell parts

12. Vacuole fluid-filled space containing water, sugar and starch
helps with water regulation in plants

13. vacuoles can also store food
or help some organisms move

14. Centriole small protein structures critical to cell division
called asters when found in plant cells

15. Chloroplast found only in green plants and some protists
convert sunlight into food for the cell via photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + sunlight  sugar + O2

16. Cilia and Flagella fine protein fibres used for locomotion
Cilia: short, may be numerous on cell surface
Flagella: long, usually few in number on cell surface

17. Cytoskeleton
protein fibres that help anchor organelles in place and give structure to the cell
Found in both plant and animal cells

18. Structures in the animal cell1 2 3 4 5a 5b 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Structures in the animal cell

19. Structures in the plant cell1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Structures in the plant cell

20. Structures in the animal cell1 2 3 4 5a 5b 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Structures in the animal cell
3. nucleus
2. chromatin
1. nuclear pore
4. nucleolus
5a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
5b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
6. vesicle
17. microtubule
7. cytoplasm
16. centriole
8. vacuole
15. ribosome
14. mitochondria
9. Golgi body
13. lysosome
10. cell membrane
11. vesicle
12. cytoskeleton

21. Structures in the plant cell1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Structures in the plant cell
lysosome
vacuole
nuclear pore
chromatin
nucleolus
nuclear membrane
chloroplast
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
microtubule
vesicles
cell membrane
cell wall
microtubule
cytoplasm
mitochondria
Golgi body
cell wall

22. Animal Cell electron micrograph of a typical animal cell
What structures are found only in animal cells?
cilia, flagella; centrioles

23. Plant Cell electron micrograph of a typical plant cell
What structures are found only in plant cells?
cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplast