1. Structures and Functions
CELLS!!!
Structures and Functions

2. Basic Parts of the Cell
Plasma membrane – barrier between in and outside of cell
Cytoplasm – everything inside cell
Cytosol – includes molecules and small particles but not organelles
Genetic material
Ribosomes

3. Ribosomes

4. Ribosomes small, spherical Function: Build proteins
Free ribosomes – float, make proteins used in cytoplasm (Ex: enzyme)
Bound ribosomes – attached, make proteins used in membranes, packaging, and elsewhere in body
Structure:
Made part in nucleolus, completed in cytoplasm; small and large subunit

6. Mitochondria

7. Mitochondria Function:
Make ATP from organic compounds in cell respiration – powers cellular reactions
Structure: inner & outer membrane
Outer – separates cytosol
Inner – many folds
Mitochondrial DNA –DNA
THEORY: mitochondria originated from prokaryotic cells; **fun fact: your mitochondria come from mom only!**

8. Golgi Apparatus

9. Golgi Apparatus System of cisternae (tubes) stacked up Function:
Manufactures, stores, sorts, ships
Modify contents of nearby vesicles, give “address label,” transport to other parts of cell
Structure:
Two poles:
Receiving – near ER
Shipping – gives rise to new vesicles

10. Endoplasmic Reticulum

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
System of cisternae – membranous tubes & sacs
Function – make & move lipids & proteins from one part of cell to another
Structure
Rough ER – covered with ribosomes
Smooth ER – no ribosomes

13. Chloroplast Structure: Double membrane
Function:
Site of photosynthesis; manufacture of glucose
Structure:
Double membrane
Chlorophyll (pigment) stored in thylakoids for light capture

14. Centriole

15. Centrioles Animal cells ONLY! Organize cell structure during division
2 short cylinders of microtubules

16. Cilia & Flagella

17. Cell Wall Rigid layer surrounding cell Contains cellulose
Pores let water, ions, and molecules enter and leave cell

18. Vesicles

19. Vesicles Small, spherical shaped sacs Function: Structure:
Migrate to & merge with cell membrane
Release contents outside of cell
Structure:
Single membrane
Different types (lysosomes, peroxisomes)
LYSOSOMES: bud from Golgi; contain digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules

20. Vacuole Membrane bound storage structures, contains fluid Types:
Food – stores nutrients
Contractile – contract, dispose of excess water

21. Organelles! Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus

22. The Nucleus Most obvious structure; in eukaryotes Function: Structure:
House & protect genetic information
Controls most functions of cell
Involved in cell division & protein formation
Structure:
Nuclear envelope
Nucleoplasm
Nucleolus

23. Part of cytoskeleton

24. Cytoskeleton Provides shape and support; all made of proteins
3 structural elements
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Intermediate fibers