FEBRUARY 13, 2017 Get out stuff for notes Latin American Revolutions

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FEBRUARY 13, 2017 Get out stuff for notes Latin American Revolutions HW: Timeline due tomorrow!

European Empires: late 1700s

New Ideas Brewing in Europe

Mercantilism Economic system Exploits natural resources of colonies for benefit of mother country

Social Structure

Causes of Latin American Revolutions Enlightenment Ideas Unfair social class system Mercantilism Inspiration of American and French Revolutions Napoleonic Wars Nationalism

Latin American Revolutions!

Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) Haiti is wealthy sugar plantation colony Haitian population: 90% African slaves 10% whites Influence of French Rev. Led by Toussaint L’Ouveture First successful slave revolt

South American Revolutions Provinces of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador Led by Simon Bolivar “El Libertador” 1813-1821 Creoles seek control and independence Forms Gran Colombia Goal was a “United States of South America” Bolivia named after Bolivar

South American Revolutions Jose de San Martin Worked with Bolivar Liberates southern South America Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

Results of the Latin American Revolutions

Brazil Freed from Portugal The Portuguese royal family escaped Napoleon by fleeing to Brazil. Pedro I set up a new, independent kingdom in 1821 when his father returned to Portugal. Pedro II assumed full power after Pedro I abdicated his throne.

Independence for Spanish & Portuguese By the mid-1820s, revolts create many newly-independent nations. Toussaint L’Ouveture – Haiti Bolívar, San Martín, & O’Higgins in: Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia, the United Provinces of Central America, and Gran Columbia!

No Unity Failure of Bolivar’s dream for a united South America: Many newly independent countries struggle with civil wars. By 1830s, geographic factors (mts., the Amazon, etc.) plus cultural differences defeated attempts at unification.

Independence Brought More Poverty The wars disrupted trade. The wars devastated the cities and the countryside. Social pyramid stays essentially the same Creoles become highest class

Left Many Countries in the Control of Caudillos Mid-19c dictators  military authoritarianism. Mostly wealthy creole aristocrats. Posed as reformers with goals to improve the economy and better the lives of the common people. Enacted reform by force Similar style of rule from before revolutions