1. Latin Americans Win Independence
Chapter 8.1
Latin Americans Win Independence

2. Nationalist Revolution Sweeps the West
Chapter 8

3. Colonial Society Divided
Race and Class System
Latin America has social classes that determine job and authority
Peninsulares – Born in Spain, the head the colonial government , society

4. Creoles – American born Spaniards who can become army officers
Mestizos have both European and Native ancestry

5. Mulattos – have both European and African ancestry Slaves,
Indians at the bottom of security

6. Revolution in the Americas
Haiti is first Latin American territory to gain freedom from colonial master
Slave revolt in 1791 led by Toussaint L’Ouverture

7. Haiti
Santo Domingue declares independence in 1803 and is renamed Haiti
First black colony to win independence

8. Creoles Lead Independence
Inspired by the enlightenment, Latin American revolutionaries fight for independence

9. Simon Bolivar – Wealthy Creole leads Venezuela in revolution
Jose de San Martin – leader of Argentinean revolutionary forces

10. Latin America
Bolivar – Venezuela declares independence in 1811, Bolivar wins war by 1821
San Martin – Argentina independence in 1816, San Martin helps free Chile

11. Latin America
Bolivar’s and San Martin’s forces drive Spanish out of Peru in 1824

12. Mexican Independence
Padre Miguel Hidalgo – Priest who launches Mexican revolt in 1810 leads 80,000 Indian and mestizo followers on Mexico City

13. Mexico
Jose Maria Morelos – leads revolt after Hidalgo’s defeat, but loses
Mexican creoles react, declare Mexico independent in 1821, Central America breaks away from Mexico in 1823

14. Brazil’s Royal Liberator
Bloodless Revolution – Napoleon invades Portugal causing royal family to move to Brazil in 1807
Portuguese court returns to Portugal after Napoleons defeat in 1815

15. Portuguese Prince Dom Pedro stays behind in Brazil
Accepts Brazillians’ request to rule their new country
Official declaration of independence in September of 1822

16. Independence
By 1830, nearly all Latin American regions win independence