1. WHII: SOL 7 b, c Latin American Revolutions

2. Napoleon Napoleon invaded Spain and put his brother Joseph on the throne The colonies saw this as their opportunity to take advantage of Spain’s weakness to rebel

3. Haiti Toussaint L’Ouverture Self-educated former slave led slave revolts in Haiti in 1791 Brilliant general 1798 slavery was abolished and Toussaint's forces controlled most of the island 1802 Napoleon tries to re-conquer the island Agreed to a truce but French captured Toussaint and he died in prison The Haitians defeated the armies of three foreign powers: Spain, France, and Britain.

5. Mexico 1810-Led by Father Miguel Hidalgo, a creole priest Called for the end of slavery and improved conditions for Native Americans Creoles rejected his cause Hidalgo was captured and executed 1812- Father Jose Morelos continued fighting, picking up where Hidalgo left off 1815-he is also captured and executed

6. Mexico 1820-creoles force the Spanish king to issue a constitution Augustin de Iturbide led combined liberal, creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans to overthrow Spanish control 1821-Mexico gained its independence

8. South America Simon Bolivar-educated creole who admired American and French revolutions 1810-led Venezuela to independence (created a republic) Led his troops over the Andes Mts. And combined forces with the Venezuelan cowboys to defeat the Spanish at Bogata By 1821-had freed Venezuela, Colombia, Caracas

9. South America Bolivar joined forces with Jose da San Martin San Martin had freed Argentina, Peru, and Chile Wars of independence ended by 1824 Civil wars persisted, divisions causing ongoing problems (class divisions remained)

11. Brazil Napoleon conquers Portugal Portuguese royal family flees to Brazil When they return, the king leaves his son Dom Pedro behind 1822-as his father advised, Dom Pedro led Brazil to independence and became emperor Created a constitution Brazil remained a monarchy until 1889, when a revolution led to the creation of a republic