1. Latin America Revolutions

3. Causes of Latin American Revolutions 1.Enlightenment Ideas 2.Inspiration of American and French Revolutions. 3.Nationalism 4.Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions. 5.Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars.

4. Napoleon on the March Provides a model & a diversion!

5. 1. Social Order A. Struggles among social classes: 1.Peninsulares 2.Creoles 3.Mestizos 4.Mulattos and free blacks 5.Indians 6.African slaves B. All groups hated the Spanish and Portuguese rule.

9. 2. Revolution in Haiti A. Plantation system B. Inspired by American and French revolutions, a new revolution began on the French colony of Saint-Dominigue. C. Toussaint L’Ouverture led a revolt of 100,000 slaves in 1791.

10. 2. Revolution in Haiti The French sent an army to fight the slave revolt and reclaim French property. The French sent an army to fight the slave revolt and reclaim French property. L’Ouverture was arrested and died in a French prison. L’Ouverture was arrested and died in a French prison. Haiti declared its independence Haiti declared its independence from France in 1804.

11. 4. Mexican Revolution A. F ather Miguel Hidalgo led mestizos and Native Americans in a revolt against Spain B. I n 1810, Hidalgo’s uprising was defeated by the peninsulares. C. I n 1823 Mexico finally won its independence and declared itself a republic.

12. 3. Social Uprisings The ideas of the Enlightenment inspired creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes throughout Latin America to revolt. The ideas of the Enlightenment inspired creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes throughout Latin America to revolt. Creoles led the majority of the independence movements. Why? Creoles led the majority of the independence movements. Why?

13. 4. South American Independence A. Simon Bolivar led revolts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Bolivia. B. He joined forces with Jose de San Martin, the liberator of Chile, to free Peru. C. By 1824 nearly all of South America had successfully revolted and won independence. Temporarily Bolivar united all these countries as Gran Colombia. Temporarily Bolivar united all these countries as Gran Colombia. Creoles led the majority of the independence movements. Why?

14. Bolivar’s Accomplishment

15. Bolivar’s Failure  After uniting Venezuela, Columbia, & Ecuador into Gran Columbia, he left to help free the rest of Latin America.  He died a year later, with his goal of uniting all of South America unfulfilled!  Many newly independent countries struggle with civil wars.  By 1830s, geographic factors (mts., the Amazon, etc.) plus cultural differences defeated attempts at unification.

17. Caudillos Military dictators Military dictators Controlled many newly independent countries Controlled many newly independent countries Wealthy creoles Wealthy creoles Posed as reformers wanting to improve economy and standard of living Posed as reformers wanting to improve economy and standard of living Many took away natural rights Many took away natural rights

18. Latin American Revolutions Revolution of 1848 Parliament has more Power than King Causes of Revolution English Civil War Glorious Revolution American Revolution Slave Revolt in Haiti French Revolution Congress of Vienna Bill of Rights How did revolutions Spread?