Themes Moving West. Where and why War of 1812. Why are we mad at the British now? Federalists Legacy Monroe Doctrine

Moving West. Patterns for the mid 1800’s -Cotton Gin is invented, making cotton production very productive -In pursuit of more cotton producing land, slave owners migrate west into Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana taking their southern culture with them -People from states like Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania flood west into states like Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois -At least 115,000 slaves will be imported between 1776 and 1808 when congress ends the slave trade

By the end of Jefferson’s Presidency (1808) The War between Britain and France (with Napoleon leading) is still happening America is still technically neutral. But signed the weak treaty (Jay’s Treaty) Britain still has not stopped seizing some of our ships Britain is arming and trading with Indians in the west

By the end of Jefferson’s Presidency (1808) Both Britain and France are inhibiting our ability to trade (the war) Embargo Act of 1807: Peaceful attempt to avoid war by showing both countries how much they need our trade The Embargo backfires and Americas economy is hurt, creating popular discontent This act contributes to many Republicans (who are already anti-British) calls for war

The British and the Natives antagonize Americans in the west The British are arming bands of Shawnee Indians under a leader named Tecumseh and his shaman brother Tenskwatawa Tecumseh is determined to resist and encourages others to do so Organizes Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Ottawa, Winnebago, and Miami Fight a major battle with American forces at a place called Tippecanoe

So why is this important? (1812) The British have violated Jay’s Treaty (still seizing our ships and impressing our sailors into the navy) and the Treaty of Paris They are encouraging natives to resist American expansion A group called the War Hawks emerge and (Henry Clay/John Calhoun) want parts of Canada War Hawks encourage President Madison to ask for a declaration of war

-John C. Calhoun -War Hawk/South Carolina Congressman -Advocate for the South -Will be important in the lead up to the Civil War Henry Clay War Hawk/Congressmen Advocate of the Second National Bank Will be very important in 2 chapters

War of 1812 Several minor battles fought along Canadian Border and in the West Americans have very limited success The British actually land in Washington DC and destroy the town and burn the White House Andrew Jackson will make a name for himself and wins some victories over British and Indian Forces. Specifically at New Orleans No major border changes after 3 years of fighting. War ends mostly because Britain has been at war for the last 15+ years and is tired

The Ultimate Federalists: John Marshall 1820 Supreme Court justice appointed by John Adams in 1801 Ensures that Federalists policies live on in laws of the country even as more and more citizens learn towards Republican ideas Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review) McCulloch v. Maryland (Bank of the United States is constitutional and states can’t tax federal operations) Federalist Party is on the decline, but Marshall is still making Federalists rulings in the Supreme Court

The Federalists Fade Away (1820’s) But Hamilton's Financial plans and model are here to stay The Federalist policies of Justice John Marshall ensures the federal government will be strong

Monroe Doctrine (1823) A warning issues by President James Monroe to European nations Stay away from the newly independent nations in Latin America The Western Hemisphere is now under the American Sphere of influence In return, Monroe pledges not to get America involved in European affairs An example of the arrival of developing power of the US Asserted our Diplomatic Leadership and involvement in the Western Hemisphere