1. America, still attempting to trade with Europe, were losing many ships and people due to the impressing English Navy.

2. Meanwhile, President Madison finds out that Britain had been supplying the Native Americans with weapons and were encouraging them to fight America to win their land back

3. War Hawks, led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, were very eager to fight with Britain. They argued that the only way to make America safe was to force Great Britain out of Canada.

4. Madison soon declared war on Britain (war of 1812).

5. Americans figured invading Canada would be an easy task
Americans figured invading Canada would be an easy task. They were wrong. After The US were defeated numerous times in Canada, the British invaded Washington D.C. and burned down the Capitol and the White House.

7. The United States were under heavy attack at Fort McHenry
The United States were under heavy attack at Fort McHenry. After a full 25 hours of being bombed by the British, the American flag still waved on, which later influenced Francis Scott Keys to write the Star Spangled Banner.

9. After the British suffered another defeat, they decided that the best plan of attack was through the city of New Orleans. The city was defended by Andrew Jackson and his militia of 7000 strong. In what would be known as the biggest victory for the US, The Battle of New Orleans left around 2000 British troops killed, while only 20 Americans lost their lives.

11. The victory, however decisive it was, was an irrelevant point
The victory, however decisive it was, was an irrelevant point. The war of 1812 had already ended 2 weeks prior and was an unnecessary battle.

12. Both sides claimed victory.
Who actually won?

13. Dilemma 4: What should Monroe do to support the New Latin American nations?

14. As Latin America started declaring their independence from European rule, President Monroe had to decide what America should do in helping Latin America from further colonization.

15. Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, which stated the nations of North and South American were not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. The United States would view efforts by Europeans to take over “any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.