Carbohydrates 10/13/09.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates 10/13/09

II. Organic Compounds Carbohydrates – contain C, H, O in a ratio of 2H to 1 O. a. Monosaccharides – simple sugars. ratio of C to H to O is 1 to 2 to 1. (C6H12O6). Ex. Glucose , fructose, galactose (us) (fruits) (milk) * all 3 have same chemical formula but differ in their structural arrangement – called isomers

Same chemical formula C6H12O6, different structural arrangement Galactose Glucose Fructose

ex. Sucrose (sugar,beets) – made of fructose and glucose. B. Disaccharides – combining of 2 monosaccharides through a condensation reaction ex. Sucrose (sugar,beets) – made of fructose and glucose. lactose(milk) – made of glucose and galactose. C. Polysaccharide – 3 or more monosaccharides Ex. glycogen (stored animal sugar), starch (stored plant sugar), cellulose (plant cell wall), chitin (exoskeleton in arthropods)

**Characteristics of Carbon** Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 isotopes (difference in neutrons) can be used for radioactive isotopes. Carbon can form four bonds (CH4, C2H6), which allows carbon to form stable and strong covalent bonds.

**Characteristics of Carbon** Carbon can also form three different shapes: ringed, branched or straight. H H H H H H H C-C-C-C-C-C H Straight Ringed Branched

Condensation reaction to form a disaccharide

Which one of these uses chitin? Which one of these uses glycogen?

Functions of carbohydrates Provides quick energy in the form of glucose Can also be stored in the form of glycogen and starch Can be used structurally as in plants (cellulose) and some animals (chitin)