Structural Drawing Chapter 19

Objectives Create a structural truss or floor plan drawing Label and specify the size and shape of steel structural members Identify, draw, and label various structural steel shapes

Objectives (cont.) Identify, draw, and label high-strength bolts used in structural joints Identify welding symbols used in steel fabrication of structural components Identify and read concrete and brick construction details

Structural Drawings Structural drawings include: Foundation plans Wall sections and framing details Structural steel framing and details Beam and column drawings and details

Wood Construction Many different types of wood are used as structural timber The surface of a wood product is finished by milling or planing Due to wood loss in surfacing, nominal size is larger than dressed thickness Symbols are used to indicate requirements for finished surfaces on wood

Wood Joints

Connector Designs

Structural Steel Structural steel drawings are ordinarily one of two types: Engineering design drawings Manufacturing (shop) drawings

Structural Steel Engineering design drawings show the overall dimensions of the structure including: Locations of columns, beams, angles and other shapes Sizes of structural members Detail in the form of cross sections, special connections required, and notes

Structural Steel

Structural Steel Shop drawings consist of detail drawings of all parts of the entire structure showing exactly how the parts are to be made These drawings show all dimensions necessary for fabrication, usually calculated to the nearest 1/16”

Piece Marks A system is used to mark each piece that is separately handled This mark is called a piece mark and should be shown wherever the member appears on the drawings

Piece Marks

Structural Steel Shapes Structural steel is available in many standard shapes Most CAD programs have structural shapes symbol libraries available

Structural Steel Shapes

Erection Plans Erection plans made by the steel fabricator are assembly drawings for the steel structure

Erection Plans

Connections Main members are joined together in the field to build a structure and most joints are welded connections to the main members Riveting is seldom used as a connection but you may find reference to riveted joints in original plans

Connections AISC recommends certain standard connections for attaching beams You should know the strength of the various connections and use them only when they are sufficient

Welding Welding is a common method for connecting steel members of buildings and bridges The fillet weld is the most common in structural steel fabrication

Welded Beam Detail

High-Strength Bolting for Structural Joints Two common types of high-strength steel bolts are ASTM A325 and A490

Accuracy in Dimensions Incorrect dimensions on drawings will result in serious errors and misfits when members are assembled in the field Consider the effect of tolerance stacking on the fit of steel members

Concrete Construction Concrete is made by mixing sand, gravel, or other aggregates with Portland cement and water Reinforced concrete has embedded steel reinforcing bars In prestressed concrete, the steel is pretensioned before the superimposed load is applied

Reinforced Concrete Drawings

Structural Clay Products Brick and tile are some of the best known forms of building construction Traditionally they are built into masonry forms and units are placed one at a time in a soft mortar

Stone Construction Natural stone is also used in masonry construction, most commonly for ornamental facing

Laying and Bonding Brick, Tile and Stone