Feudalism and The Crusades

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Presentation transcript:

Feudalism and The Crusades

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Fall of the Roman Empire 164 – Antonian Plague spreads through Rome 180 – End of Pax Romana 300 – Diocletian divides the Empire 313 – Constantine legalizes Christianity: Edict of Milan 410 – Visigoths sack Rome 455 – Vandals sack Rome 476 – Fall of the Western Roman Empire (East survives – Byzantine Empire)

Germanic Successor States Decentralized Society German chieftains replace Roman rule Germanic tradition replaced Roman law Peasants turn to local lords for safety – lords build “manors”

Feudalism Feudalism - a social system in which people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and land grants (fiefs) in return.

Rome makes a “comeback” Although Rome has fallen, the Catholic Church stayed an important part of society Looked for a king to serve as protector for the church The Pope turns to Clovis, a converted Christian, and King of the Franks

The Franks – a timeline Clovis I (466-511) Charles Martel (688-741) United the Franks Converted to Christianity Charles Martel (688-741) Defeated the Muslims at Battle of Tours Charlemagne (742-814) Centralized authority Regains Italy and saves the Pope from danger Pope crowns him Holy Roman Emperor Battle of Tours, 732

The Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Islamic Empire

But… Trouble for Christian Europe Holy Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Islamic Empire

Problems – The “Turks” Eastern Empire very close to Islamic world Seljuk Turks try to take Byzantium (semi-successful) Take the “Holy lands,” but not Constantinople Leads to the Crusades The two empires come together to fight the Muslims and take back Jerusalem

The Crusades The Crusades – a series of “holy wars” that lasted hundreds of years The Muslim Turks had taken control of Jerusalem Pope Urban II calls upon all Christians in Europe to take back the holy land from the Muslims Pope declares that all who join will be forgiven of their sins Rulers and nobles from all different kingdoms come together to fight for a common cause

Effects of the Crusades Although the Christians did regain temporary control of Jerusalem, The Turks proved to be too much for the European crusaders However, there were other effects: Effects of the Crusades Spread of new ideas and technology Increased trade: And a new Middle Class of Merchants Bad blood between Christians, Jews, and Muslims

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