The French and Indian War Chapter 5 section 3

France claims Western land France had claimed the Ohio River Valley, Mississippi Rover Valley, the Great Lakes region, and all land for Appalachian Mountains to Rocky Mountains ( know as Louisiana) Their main settlements were in Quebec and Montreal along the St. Lawrence River.

Native American Alliances English and French were competing for furs. Native American were competing over supplying the furs. Because of this European and Native Americans create military and economic alliances.

Other wars were started because of this between Native American tribes. The French, Huron, and Algonquin's all became allies. The Iroquois and the British became allies.

England and France declared war on each other in 1689 England and France declared war on each other in 1689. When this happened the British and English colonists along with their Native American allies begin to fight. Multiple wars take place during this time between England and France but the final war is the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War, Lasting from 1754-1763 (it really lasted 9 years).

Conflict in the Ohio River Valley When British Fur traders began to move into Ohio River Valley in 1750’s the French and Native Americans became alarmed. The British set up the village/fur trading post of Pickawillany. Charles de Langlade destroyed this village.

British traders left and French Began to build forts to protect their region. 21 year old George Washington led a group of soldiers to tell the French to leave.

War begins to Spread In April of 1754 the French seize a British fort and name it Fort Duquesne while George Washington is on his way to defend it. Washington and his men built a Fort called Fort Necessity. The French attack Fort Necessity, Washington surrenders and Washington and his troops march back to Virginia.

While Washington was surrendering, the British and the Iroquois nations were meeting. The colonists wanted the 6 Iroquois Nations to Band together and fight along side the colonist. Benjamin Franklin proposes the Albany Plan of Union First formal proposal to unite the colonies Each colony will send a Rep to Grand Council The council will collect taxes and raise and army

Braddock's Defeat Britain realizes that the war would not be won with out colonists and Great Britain's army banning together. In 1755 General Braddock and Washington march towards Fort Duquesne. French troops surprise Braddock, Washington suggest they use Guerilla warfare tactics. Braddock refuses

1,000 men were killed and wounded. General Braddock dies from wounds. Colonists are stunned by Braddock's defeat and the British continue to loss many other battles over the next two years.

The British take Quebec 1757-William Pitt become Britain's new Secretary of State. He sends the best Generals to America and by August 1759 the British control 6 French forts. In the late summer of 1759 British decide to attack French colonial capital, Quebec.

Battle of Quebec Quebec sat on a cliff 300 ft above St. Lawrence River. The thick walls were heavily guarded. General Wolfe sailed around the Fort for 2 months unable to capture it. Then he finds a very steep unguarded path leading to plains west of Quebec. General James and 4,000 men sneak up the cliff and were ready to attack when the French awoke. French surrender Quebec and Montreal will fall the next year, giving British complete control over Cananda.

Treaty of Paris Britain and France continue to fight for three more years in other parts of the world. The war ends in 1763, British were the victors. Treaty of Paris gave British claims to all land east of the Mississippi River. France gave Spain New Orleans and Louisiana. Britain gave Cuba, and the Philippines back to Spain in Exchange for Florida. France no longer had power in North America.

Pontiac’s Rebellion When British took over French forts they refused to give supplies to the Native American as the French had done. British began to move onto Native American land. In the Spring and summer of 1763, Native Americans began attacking and destroying British forts and settlements west of Appalachian Mountains.

In response the British invited the Delaware war leaders to talk. The purposefully gave the blankets infected with small-pox as a gift, starting a deadly outbreak. In order to keep defense cost low the British issues the Proclamation of 1763 stating colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Colonists were upset with British because they felt they had won the right to that land British were upset with colonists for not wanting to pay for the defense cost from the French and Indian War. Hostility will be cause for American Independence.