Wood Structures Topic 8 Quality Workmanship Inspections Quality Workmanship BLDG 1101 9/21/2018 BLDG 1101 jn/2012

Introduction This topic is an example of a self inspection for builders in constructing wood frame houses and supervising trades. This session deals with a construction checklist, not only for building code inspections, but mainly for quality control of good workmanship striving for excellence and highest levels of quality. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Wood Structures Topic 8 Introduction Quality housing is the responsibility of everyone involved in the process. An emphasis on quality related procedures and products, at all levels, is particularly important in China where wood platform frame construction is a new building system. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018 BLDG 1101 jn/2012

Inspections/ quality workmanship Quality of housing, and products used in housing, is required for the future success of wood platform housing in China. Houses should be designed and constructed so that occupants can be assured of : health, fire safety, live safety, structural sufficiency, and protection of persons and property. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Wall Framing Inspections Walls carry vertical loads and transfer roof and floor loads to the house foundation. Structural integrity is the paramount safety issue in wall framing. Particularly in zones with high winds and seismic activity. Durability is also an important consideration. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Wall Framing Inspections The overall performance of the wall system depends on a number of factors including the design and location of walls within the floor plan; the size and location of openings; sizes, species, grades and spacing of structural members; type and thickness of sheathing; and the degree to which the structural members along with sheathing are fastened together. Walls must be well connected to floor and roof assemblies. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Wall Framing Inspections Wall Framing Inspection Check-Lists. See handouts re wall framing Inspection list. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Quality Control Review and Inspection for wall framing Check the following items to see if they are ok. Site condition Product storage and protection Lumber and panels Engineered wood products Building access On site safety Ladders and scaffolding Appropriate safety measures BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Quality Control cont. Framing generally level, plumb and square Studs Precision of location Bearing of sheathing Perpendicular to sheathing at width Security framing at entrances and doorways BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Quality Control cont. Stud/column support Around large openings All point loads Follow through structure to foundation Additional blocking in floors End bearing Lintels Beams (concentrated loads) BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Quality Control cont. Window and door openings Dimensions for window and door installation Horizontal alignment of lintels and window sills Vertical alignment of centering (successive floors) Security blocking (or not required) Backing for interior finishes (e.g., drywall) Separation of framing members from concrete and masonry Wall bracing Fasteners and connectors with required level of corrosion resistance when used with chemically preserved wood BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Quality Control cont. Protection against termites Use of pressure treated wood Use of other measures Full and proper preservative treatment of members/panels according to risk of termite attack and damage All members and panels (all walls) Some members and panels No preservative treatment Meets local requirements and/or specifications BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Inspectors Notes/Seismic Risk It should be noted because of the severe seismic risk in many parts of China that particular attention ought to be paid to code requirements regarding the structural integrity of the wood frame structure, when subject to earthquakes. This includes, braced wall, adequate nailing throughout but particularly for braced wall sheathing panels, and full connections. Specifically designed shear walls or hold down devices may also be required in the plans. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Inspectors Notes/Concentrated (Point) Loads Quality control inspectors must ensure that the wood platform frame structure enables the transfer of all point loads from the point of concentrated load origin to the foundation. This means sufficient end bearing and column support as well as continuity of support to transfer and carry these loads down to the foundation and bearing soil. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Inspectors Notes/Concentrated (Point) Loads It is important to follow bearing support of lintels, beams, girder trusses, etc, through the entire framed structure to rest directly on the foundation. Point loads generally require expanding the size of the studs (built-up posts or columns) under the load and blocking in the floor. Extreme point loads may require local widening and thickening of the footing. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Point Load Inspection Procedure Begin at the top and follow each individual concentrated load all the way through the building to the foundation. Some concentrated loads Loads traced from origin, down through entire structure Loads carried in walls with built-up studs or columns at concentrations Loads from above carried in floors through additional joists or blocking Loads bear directly on foundation BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Point Load Inspection Procedure Column (could be jack studs)size must be adequate to support concentrated loads from headers and beams through the walls and floors to the foundation. As a general rule, the column should be of sufficient cross sectional dimensions to support the width of the beam and the minimum end bearing distance specified by codes. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Point Load Inspection Procedure For large concentrated loads, the magnitude of the loads and supporting post requirements should be set out in the permit drawings. In the case of high ceilings, requirements for lateral support should also be specified. You should ensure that all requirements for post dimensions and continuity to foundation, lateral support (including nailing of wall sheathing to post/column) and connections are met. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Point Load Inspection If point loads are not accommodated then structures, can settle or deform leading to numerous complications with windows, doors, and interior and exterior finishes. At the extreme, there is risk of structural failure. BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

Common Code Violations BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018

BLDG 1101 9/21/2018