CHAPTER 15 Section 1 Terms, People, and Places Conquistador Immunity Hernan Cortes Tenochtitlan Malinche Alliance Moctezuma Francisco Pizarro Civil War

Conquistador – Spanish explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for Spain in the 1500s and 1600s. Immunity – Natural protection, resistance. Hernan Cortes – Early conquistador who landed on the coast of Mexico in 1519 with 600 men, 16 horses, and a few canons. Cortes created alliances with the Aztec enemies. He conquered the Aztecs in Tenochtitlan in 1521 in a brutal struggle. In addition, disease decimated the population. Tenochtitlan – Capital city of the Aztec empire, on which modern-day Mexico City was built.

Malinche – Young Indian woman who served the Spanish as a translator, she knew Maya, Spanish, and the Aztec languages. Alliance – Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense. Moctezuma – Aztec emperor. Francisco Pizarro – He was interested in Peru’s Inca Empire which was reputed to have even more riches then the Aztecs. He arrived in Peru in 1532 aided by Indian allies he conquered the Inca Empire with superior weapons and disease. As a result, he added much of South America to Spain’s growing empire. Civil War – A war fought between two groups of people in the same nation.

CHAPTER 15 Section 2 Terms, People, and Places Viceroy Encomienda Barolome de Las Casas Peon Peninsular Creole Mestizo Mulatto Privateer

Viceroy – Representative who ruled one of Spain’s provinces in the Americas in the king’s name; one who governed in India in the name of the British monarch. Encomienda – Right the Spanish government granted to its American colonists to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans. Bartolome de Las Casas – A bold priest who condemned the evils of the encomienda system. In vivid reports to Spain, Las Casas detailed the horrors that the Spanish rule had brought the Native Americans and pleaded with the King to end the abuse. Peon – Worker forced to labor for a landlord in order to pay off a debt.

Peninsulare – Member of the highest class in Spain’s colonies in the Americas. Creole – Person in Spain’s colonies in the Americas who was an American-born descendent of Spanish settlers. Mestizo – Person in Spain’s colonies in the Americas who was of Native American and European descent. Mulatto – People of African and European descent. Privateer – Privately owned ship commissioned by a government to attack and capture enemy ships, especially merchant’s ships.

CHAPTER 15 Section 3 Terms, People, and Places New France Revenue Pilgrims Compact French and Indian War Treaty of Paris

New France – French possessions in present-day Canada from the 1500s to 1763. Revenue – Money taken in through taxes. Pilgrims – English Protestants who rejected the Church of England. Compact – An agreement among people. French and Indian War – War between Britain and France in the Americas that happened from 1754 to 1763; it was part of a global war called the Seven Years’ War. Treaty of Paris – Peace treaty made final in 1783 that ended the American Revolution.

CHAPTER 15 Section 4 Terms, People, and Places Olaudah Equiano Triangular Trade Middle Passage Mutiny

Olaudah Equiano – When he was 11 years old he was seized from his Nigerian village by slave traders. He was then transported as human cargo from West Africa to the Americas. Triangular Trade – Colonial trade routes among Europe and its colonies, the West Indies, and Africa in which goods were exchanged for slaves. Middle Passage – The leg of the triangular trade route on which slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas. Mutiny – Revolt, especially of soldiers or sailors against their officers.

CHAPTER 15 Section 5 Terms, People, and Places Columbian Exchange Inflation Price Revolution Capitalism Entrepreneur Mercantilism Tariff

Columbian Exchange – The global exchange of goods, ideas, plants and animals, and disease that began with Columbus’ exploration of the Americas. Inflation – Economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available. Price Revolution – Period in European history when inflation rose rapidly. Capitalism – Economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit.

Entrepreneur – Person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit. Mercantilism – Policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver. Tariff – Tax on imported goods.