Imperialism Review Packet

Definitions Imperialism – one country taking over other lands politically, economically, and socially Nationalism – pride in one’s nation (caused competition among European nations for colonies) Mercantilism - Establishing colonies for obtaining natural resources and land, and developing industry to attain a favorable balance of trade

Reasons Why Europeans Wanted Colonies Europe had experienced the Industrial Revolution and had lots of factories Needed raw materials for industry Wanted land for crops Wanted to spread Christianity Wanted to spread European culture (ethnocentrism) Wanted power & prestige (nationalism)

Effects of Imperialism on Africa Positive Education Infrastructure: Roads, bridges, sanitation Medical care Negative Cash crops = food shortages Boundaries of colonies caused ethnic/tribal rivalries Hurt culture & pride of native Africans

White Man’s Burden Poem by Rudyard Kipling Racist – said that the “burden” of the “white man” (European) was to take over & “civilize” non-Europeans Justified imperialism

Sepoy Rebellion Sepoys (Indian soldiers in British military) rebelled against British – wanted to remove foreign influence British crushed the rebellion India officially became a British colony

Effects of Imperialism on India Positive Medical care Education – schools English as a unifying language Brought India under one unified government Infrastructure: roads, bridges, sanitation Negative Cash crops = food shortages Population explosion = food shortages, overpopulation Hurt Indian industries (cloth) Hurt Indian culture & pride

Why did Europe want to imperialize China? Natural resources (silk, tea) Large population Farm land – crops Trade (located between 2 major bodies of water) China was weak at the time

Opium War Britain introduced opium because China did not want to trade with Britain (ethnocentrism). Many Chinese became addicted and the demand was high. China asked Britain to stop smuggling opium but they did not. War broke out, Britain easily won (better technology). RESULT: Treaty of Nanking – forced China to trade w/ Britain, gave Hong Kong to Britain for 99 years Extraterritorial rights – Foreign countries didn’t have to obey Chinese law in their sphere of influence

Boxer Rebellion Anti-foreign Chinese vs Europeans Trying to remove foreign influence Europeans won

Spheres of influence Regions where foreign nations had special trading rights in China

Southeast Asia Malaysia Indonesia Phillippines Singapore Laos/Vietnam/Cambodia (French Indochina)

Japan Tokugawa Shogunate – Japan was isolated 1853 – US opens trade w/ Japan Meiji Restoration Emperor Meiji restored Improved education, industry, military, more western culture Japan got into wars with China and Russia and took over land, annexed Korea.