1. 19th Century Imperialism: Asia

2. India: Jewel in the Crown

3. India: Jewel in the Crown
1750’s Mughal Empire weakens and British East India Company defeats Indian troops
British East India Company rules India until 1858

4. India: Jewel in the Crown
Company has its own army led by British officers
Army is staffed by sepoys: Indian soldiers

5. Discussion Question:
Why might this be a problem for the British?

6. India: Jewel in the Crown
Why is India Britain’s most valuable colony (the brightest jewel in the crown!)?
Raw materials
New markets
Human resources; 300 million people!

7. India: Jewel in the Crown
Indians forced to produce raw materials for British;
Forced to buy British goods
Indian competition with British goods was prohibited

8. Positive Impact of Colonization:
Modernization!
World’s 3rd largest railroad, modern road network, telegraph and telephone lines, dams, bridges, irrigation canals

9. Positive Impact of Colonization:
Sanitation and public health improved
Schools and colleges were founded (but English language & Western customs taught)
Literacy rates increased

10. Negative Impact of Colonization:
British held political and economic power
Restricted Indian-owned industries
Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency & famine

11. Negative Impact of Colonization
Indian culture disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes
Indians treated as nd class citizens

12. Negative Impact of Colonization
“It is the consciousness of the inherent superiority of the European which has won for us India. However well educated and clever a native may be, and however brave he may prove himself, I believe that no rank we can bestow on him would cause him to be considered an equal of the British officer.”
--Lord Kitchener

13. Discussion Question:
Have you ever had anyone who disrespected your culture in some way? (your religion, language, beliefs, etc)
What did they do and how did you react?

14. The Sepoy Rebellion Cultural Conflict:
New rifle cartridges being used by the Sepoys were made of animal fat
To use the cartridges the soldiers had to bite off both ends – OUTRAGE! Why?
Hindus consider the cow sacred & Muslims don’t eat pork!

15. The Sepoy Rebellion

16. The Sepoy Rebellion The Sepoys refused & rebelled against the British
British eventually put down rebellion

17. The Sepoy Rebellion
In 1858 India was placed under the direct control of the British government

18. The Sepoy Rebellion
Queen Victoria of England was given title “Empress of India”

19. Nationalism Rises In 1800’s nationalist movement begins
Indians resent being 2nd class citizens in their own country
Indian National Congress forms; calls for self-government
But independence won’t happen until 1947!

20. China: Another Jewel

21. Discussion Question:
Have you ever wanted to trade someone for something they had that you wanted…but they didn’t want anything you had to offer them?
What did you do?

22. China & the West
In the late th century, China is ruled by an emperor under the Qing Dynasty.

23. China & the West China has chosen isolation
No interaction with western powers
China is strong politically because it is largely self-sufficient

24. The Tea-Opium Connection
China has little interest in trading with the West, but…
High demand for tea & silk in Great Britain at this time

25. The Tea-Opium Connection
The Chinese DO NOT want to trade with GB, nor do they want manufactured goods from GB
Restrict trade with the British
Only allowed to use one Chinese port

26. The Tea-Opium Connection
British were determined to find a product that the Chinese would buy in large quantities

27. The Tea-Opium Connection
Product?
OPIUM!
Great Britain floods China with opium from India (Why India?)
1835 – 12 million Chinese addicted

28. The Opium War
The Qing emperor demands the trade stop, but British refused
Results in The Opium War
GB crushed outdated Chinese forces

29. The Opium War NANKING TREATY OF 1842: The Chinese were forced to:
Open new ports
Legalize the opium trade
Give Hong Kong to GB
Accept extraterritoriality

30. The Opium War Extraterritoriality:
British citizens living in China were not subject to Chinese laws or courts

31. Foreign Influence Grows
China’s population booms from
Hunger widespread
Sparks Taiping Rebellion!

32. Foreign Influence Grows
Massive peasant army takes control over large areas of China
Eventually defeated by Qing troops and outside forces BUT…

33. Foreign Influence Grows
Other countries took advantage of internal unrest and attacked
Through treaties, European countries & Japan gain a sphere of influence in China

34. Foreign Influence Grows
US feared China would be colonized by Europeans
Encouraged the adoption of the Open Door Policy

35. Foreign Influence Grows
Open Door Policy:
All countries were given equal access to trade in all regions of China
Led to increasing unrest among the Chinese

36. Foreign Influence Grows
Another rebellion!
Boxer Rebellion: Campaign against imperial rule and foreign privilege
Rebellion fails, but Chinese nationalism forces changes in China

37. Japan: A Unique Story

38. Discussion Question:
Have you ever been bullied by someone who threatened to do something to you if you didn’t do what they wanted?
What did you do?

39. Japan: Victim Japan closed to European influence since 1600s
Commodore Perry sent to Japan by U.S. President to demand trade rights
Gives ultimatum – will return in 1 year

40. Japan: Victim Japan forced to sign Treaty of Kanagawa
US gets open trade with Japan
Japanese are angry shogun gave in to foreigner’s demands

41. Japan: Aggressor Shogun replaced by a young emperor, Mutsuhito
Meiji Era – Meiji means “enlightened rule”
Japan decides to modernize to save culture!

42. Japan: Aggressor
Studied & adopted Western ways, including industrialization
By 1890, Japan had a modern economy & was the strongest military power in Asia

43. Japan: Aggressor
Wanted to expand their empire to show they were a powerful nation
Japan attacked China & Russia!
Takes Taiwan, Pescadores Islands, Manchuria & Korea

44. Japan: Aggressor 1910 Japan officially controlled Korea
Banned teaching of Korean
Koreans forced to take Japanese names
Farmers forced off lands; businesses handed over to Japanese

45. Imperialism in Southeast Asia

46. Europeans in SE Asia
Dutch ruled whole island chain of Indonesia, called the Dutch East Indies
British ruled in Burma (modern Myanmar) & Malaysia
French ruled directly in Indochina (Laos, Cambodia, & Vietnam)

47. The U.S. in SE Asia
Spanish rule in Philippines until U.S. wins Spanish-American War
U.S. promised to return Philippines to nationalists, but kept as a colony

48. What does this Mean?
Tensions caused by the competition for colonies was one of the underlying causes of World War I