2. CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM
ECONOMIC
Industrial Revolution created need for countries to control “natural resources” and establish “new markets” to sell their goods
place for growing populations to settle

3. CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM
POLITICAL / MILITARY
power and security of developing a “Global Empire”
“World Prestige”
bases for trade and military ships
Nationalism

4. CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM
RELIGIOUS
Missionaries spread Christianity
HUMANITARIAN
Europeans held a “Paternalistic” view of Africans
superior culture / abilities
led to Racism

5. CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM
HUMANITARIAN cont…
Charles Darwin
“Social Darwinism”
“Survival of the Fittest” (1864)
natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker ones
justification for Imperialism

6. CAUSES of NEW IMPERIALISM
White Man's Burden
HUMANITARIAN cont…
Rudyard Kipling
wrote “White Man’s Burden”
justification for Imperialism
White imperialists had a moral duty to educate less developed people

7. ADVANTAGES OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Stronger Governments
Stronger Economies
Stronger Militaries
Superior technology
Maxim “Machine Gun”
“Devil’s Paintbrush”
Steam driven warships/railroads
Medical advances

8. “Mother Country” sends officials / soldiers to govern the area
FORMS OF IMPERIALISM
Colony
“Mother Country” sends officials / soldiers to govern the area
Protectorate
“Mother Country” governs through local leaders
Sphere of Influence
another country claims exclusive investment or trading rights

9. “The Dark Continent” 1840 David Livingston Scottish Missionary
1st European to explore Sub- Saharan Africa
expand Christianity
end Slavery
1864 – 2nd trip

10. “Scramble for Africa” was ON!!!!!
1871 – Henry Stanley
Find Livingston (lost, held hostage, dead?)
Henry Stanley led expedition to find him
“Dr. Livingston, I presume?”
Stanley finds the mouth of the Congo
opens interior Africa to trade
Belgium, led by King Leopold II, becomes 1st to imperialize Africa
“Scramble for Africa” was ON!!!!!

11. Scramble For Africa – “The Dark Continent”
Belgian presence in the Congo setoff European race for colonies
No European power wanted to be left behind
1884 BERLIN CONFERENCE
Rules for colonizing Africa
No African rulers attended
any country could claim land
divided Africa with NO regard for ethnic groups
By 1914 only 2 countries remained independent

12. INDIA English “Crown Jewel” 300 million people huge market
Major supplier of Raw materials
Indian business competition was prohibited
Ruled by British “Raj” (until 1947)

13. Sepoys - Indian soldiers used by British
1857 Sepoy Mutiny
Sepoys - Indian soldiers used by British
offended by British rules…violated Hindu beliefs
Revolt against British
British crush revolt and takes control of India

14. CHINA Europeans interested in Tea, Silk, & Porcelain
huge market and cheap labor
1839 Opium War
British trade Opium from India to China for Tea
Chinese outlawed Opium (Chinese “Opium Party”)
British declared war
1842 Treaty of Nanking
China paid Britain an indemnity
Hong Kong given to Britain (back to China in 1997)