American Nationalism

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency Election of 1800 John Adams (Federalist) vs. Thomas Jefferson (Dem-Rep) Adams doesn’t have a chance Resulted in a TIE between Thomas Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr House of Representatives decides and Jefferson wins (on 36th vote)

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency Effects of Election of 1800 peaceful transfer of power from one party to another set another precedent - “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”  

Thomas Jefferson 3rd President (1801-1809) Dem-Rep New plan Believed in small gov’t wanted to limit gov’t power Accomplishments Began to pay off national debt Cut gov’t spending whiskey tax gone Extended USA farther west

The Rise of Supreme Court John Marshall Appt. Chief Justice of Supreme Court by President Adams John Marshall used LOOSE INTERPRETATION to define powers of Supreme Court He made the Supreme Court a powerful and independent branch

Marbury vs. Madison 1803 Gave the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review Supreme Court can declare a law (fed/state) unconstitutional

Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency Louisiana Purchase After France gains control of Louisiana, U.S. faces losing rights to the Mississippi River and New Orleans again When negotiating with Napoleon, he offers to sell for $15 million (4 cents an acre) Jefferson purchased from France doubled the size of the U.S. Jefferson contradicted his beliefs in strict interpretation to make purchase because the Constitution says nothing about buying land!!!

Lewis and Clark Expedition Sent Lewis and Clark to Sent Lewis and Clark to explore western part of USA Meet Sacajawea: Indian guide for the boys Outcome: Increase knowledge of territory USA claimed Oregon territory Showed could reach Pacific Ocean

FIGHT!! FIGHT!! FIGHT!! GB & France at war w/ each other AGAIN!! Both are seizing our ships!! GB navy was short on recruits so GB began a policy of impressments Kidnap sailors from USA ships and forced them to join British military

ATTACK!!! In June 1807 USS Warship Chesapeake was attacked by GB!!! Ended up killing 3 Americans!! Took 4 sailors!!!

Questions How can we avoid war? Is it in our best interest to avoid war with Great Britain and/or France? Who would you support?

Embargo Act 1807 Still trying to avoid war Gov’t ban on trade w/ other countries that impress our sailors Hurt USA more than other countries 1807 exports $108 million 1808 exports 22 million Federalists discuss secession!!! (Northerns!!!) Anti-embargo protests Prez. Jefferson very unpopular!!! Americans lose confidence in gov’t

NEW PRESIDENT!! Yay!!!! James Madison (1809-1817) Becomes 4th prez Democratic- Republican Party Had to clean up Jefferson’s mess

How to fix economy? Passed Macon’s Bill No.2 Agreed to trade with France or GB who ever stop impressment & honor USA as neutral France agreed, GB did not Began to trade with France again Make GB mad Their losing $

WAR HAWKS!! Congressmen; born in US; from South and West Henry Clay Congressmen; born in US; from South and West Supported war against Britain Why? War Hawks see the war as a way to expand west and gain land Wanted to get rid of the N.A John C. Calhoun

Conflict with Native Americans Tecumseh wanted to unite the Indian tribes in the west against American settlers formed Tecumseh’s Confederation Battle of Tippecanoe (1811) U.S. troops under William Henry Harrison attack the confederacy but do not destroy it

Presidential Election of 1812

War of 1812 No longer able to ignore British interference with trade, impressment, and support for Indian attacks President Madison asked Congress for declaration of war against Great Britain.

The War WE WANTED CANADA!!! Invasion of British Canada is a failure American navy is successful against the British American ships led by Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet on Lake Erie Americans were successful in defeating Native Americans and killed Tecumseh

British Invasion In 1814 British forces invaded the U.S. They captured Washington D.C. and burned the White House and Capitol building. British were ultimately defeated in Baltimore, MD American victory was celebrated at Fort McHenry with Francis Scott Key writing a poem that became “The Star-Spangled Banner”

Treaty of Ghent Dec. 1814 Armistice Nothing gained: fighting just stopped Fighting cont. until February

Battle of New Orleans (1815) America’s greatest victory in the War of 1812 Led by General Andrew Jackson Came 2 weeks after peace had been made between U.S. and Britain American casualties: ~300 British casualties: ~2,500

Hartford Convention Federalists in New England had opposed the war effort they met at the Hartford Convention to consider seceding from the U.S. and making separate peace Instead, they demanded constitutional amendments to increase New England’s political power RESULT: Federalists are marked as traitors and the Federalist Party was DEAD

Results of The War of 1812 NATIONALISM loyalty and devotion to one’s nation after the War of 1812 everyone is hyped about America