1. The Election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson is selected by the House of Representatives to be the 3rd President of the United States.
This election is significant because the country changes from the control of one party to another peacefully.

3. 1803 The Louisiana Purchase
The United States buys the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.

4. The Significance of the Louisiana Purchase.
1. The U.S. almost doubles in size.
2. Ended all fears of the closing of the Port of New Orleans.
3. The U.S. gained minerals and natural resources beyond anyone’s hopes or dreams.
4. It allowed people to settle west of the Mississippi River.

5. 1803 Marbury v Madison
The significance of this case was the establishment of judicial review.
The power to determine if an act of government is constitutional.

6. 1804 The Lewis and Clark Expedition
President Jefferson sent Capt. Meriwether Lewis and Capt. William Clark to explore the Louisiana Territory.
1. The purpose of this expedition was to seek an all water route to the Pacific Ocean.
2. To report on the lands, people, and the wildlife found in the Louisiana territory.

7. The Election of 1804
Jefferson was re-elected easily. The Democratic-Republicans also strengthened its control of Congress.
During his 2nd term Jefferson tried to preserve commerce and neutrality rights.
Jefferson had to deal with the Barbary Pirates; he sent a fleet of ships to blockade and bombards the coast of Tripoli. The U.S. finally defeated the pirates in Other pirates continued their attacks until 1816 when the U.S. signed treaties with their rulers.

8. Problems with Great Britain and France.
Jefferson must also deal with the problems for American ships because of the war between Great Britain and France. 
Jefferson passes two Acts; 1.The Non Importation Act – this law said the U.S. would not import goods from either France or Great Britain. 2. The Embargo Act of this law proposed that all U.S. ships be kept in port. All the major eastern trading centers were shut down. These laws hurt U.S. interests more than the French or British.

9. The Election of 1808
James Madison is easily elected the 4th President of the United States.
Madison makes two more attempts to avoid war.
The Non-Intercourse Act- This act opened trade with all nations except France and Great Britain, trade with them would continue when they lifted their blockades. Neither country did.
The Macon Act- This act allowed trade with all nations including Britain and France. If one of these countries lifted their blockade before March 3, 1811, Congress would cut off trade with the other country. The French lifted their blockade first.

10. Heading towards War
Some members of Congress felt that the Non-Intercourse and Macon acts weren’t enough; they called for war with Great Britain. The term “War Hawks” was given to these members of Congress.
Madison asked Congress for a declaration of war against the British.
Congress does so on June 18th 1812.

11. The War of 1812 The Causes of the War of 1812:
The disruption of American shipping and the impression of American sailors by the British, and GB stirring up the Native Americans in the West.
A dispute with Great Britain over the American and Canadian border.

12. Early Years of the War
In the first year of the war the U.S. won some surprising naval victories.
The British quickly get the upper hand after trapping American ships in port.
The attack on Canada fails and the British capture Detroit.
In August of 1814 the British land in Maryland and attack Washington, they burn the Capital and the Executive Mansion.

13. The Attack on Baltimore
The British attack Baltimore, they are unable to capture Fort McHenry after three days of shelling.
Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a ship in the Chesapeake Bay and penned the poem” The Star Spangled Banner”.
Later it was set to music and became our national anthem.

14. The Battle of New Orleans
The final battle took place at New Orleans.
The British with about 7,500 men under the command of Sir Edward Pahenham met 5,000 Americans led by Andrew Jackson.
On January 18, 1815 the British attacked. When the battle was over more than 2,000 British including Pacenhan had been killed or wounded.
The Americans lost 8 lives, while 13 were wounded.
This battle was fought two weeks after the peace treaty was signed at Ghent, Belgium.

15. The Treaty of Ghent
The treaty was signed on Dec. 24th, Under the treaty the U.S. and Britain would keep all the land they had before the war. The treaty said nothing of impressed sailors, or the neutral rights of the U.S.
The U.S. and Britain did decide to settle future differences peacefully.
The War of 1812 proved that the United States was truly independent from Europe.