1. Age of Jefferson Day 2 The War of 1812
American History I
SRMHS
Mr. Hensley

2. James Madison
Madison was the architect of all the compromises that created the Constitution
He was Jefferson’s Secretary of State
He is a Democratic-Republican, although he was never an Anti-Federalist
Supported the Embargo
D-R nominee (and winner) in 1808

3. Election of 1808
Jefferson announces his retirement (the two-term precedent)
He and Madison “double-down” (try even harder) on the Embargo
Embargo very unpopular in the North
Federalists (with Pinckney) still lose but gain ground at the local and state level

4. The War of 1812
Unfortunately, the war between England & France continued to cause problems for Americans:
England & France continued to violate American free trade
The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants
Many Congressmen, called “War Hawks” demanded war with Britain to defend U.S. honor
“Free trade and sailor’s rights!” was a popular battle-cry

5. Meet the War Hawks
In the West, the British support Native leader Tecumseh
Native attacks interfere with American expansion westward
Henry Clay from Kentucky and John Calhoun from SC are the leaders of “War Hawks” in Congress

6. Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution”
Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

7. The War of (1812—1814)
The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war began
Had a weak navy & poorly trained army
The war went badly at first
The British attacked & burned Washington, DC… and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

8. Northern Front Invasion of Canada was primary goal of U.S.
Jefferson advises Madison to invade – “a matter of marching”
American troops are poorly led and trained
British and Natives easily repel and defeat U.S. troops

9. Great Lakes American navy is successful on the lakes
Northwest territory protected from British invasion
Native Americans in Indiana (Tecumseh) are defeated by William Henry Harrison (Battle of Tippecanoe)

10. Southern Front
Troops commanded by Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek Indians in Alabama who had allied with the British
Jackson then invades and takes the Spanish territory of Florida
Jackson also defeats the Seminoles in the process

11. 1814: DC in Flames!
Napoleon is defeated in 1814, now the British can focus on America
The British invaded, attacked & burned Washington, DC… and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

12. The War of (1812—1814)
In 1814, Britain & U.S. signed the Treaty of Ghent ending the war
Before news arrived, the Americans won the Battle of New Orleans
The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who became a national hero
The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel as though they won the war

13. The Battle of New Orleans
The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who became a national hero
The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel as though they won the war

14. Hartford Convention
Northern states led by Federalists refused to send troops for war
Northern Federalists meet in Hartford in late 1814 to discuss possible secession
War ends on positive note – Convention is seen as treasonous
End of Federalist Party

15. Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war
Effects of the War of 1812:
Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British (no territory changed hands)
America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” with a popular president & booming national economy 27