Byzantine Empire & the crusades Ch.9 Sec.3

The Roman Empire

The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire Also called the Eastern Roman Empire All that was left after W. Rome fell to Germanic tribes Capital was city of Constantinople Lasted until 1453

The Byzantine Empire Justinian Became first emperor after W. Rome fell Wanted to make Byzantine empire as great as Rome had been Took over Syria, Palestine, North Africa Created a simplified set of laws that was adopted by many other European kingdoms later on

The Splitting of the Church. Great Schism The Christian Church developed differently in the Byzantine Empire after Rome fell Eastern & Western Christians began to disagree on use of icons, the rightful head of the church, type of communion bread The Patriarch of Constantinople & the Pope in Rome excommunicated each other Roman Catholic Church = West Europe Eastern Orthodox Church = East Europe

The Crusades Crusades Refers to the attempts by Christian Europe to retake the Holy Land from Islam Began because Byzantines were being attacked by Turks Pope called for a “Holy Crusade” to free Jerusalem and the Holy Land Most were motivated by religious reasons to go & fight

The Crusades 1st Crusade 2nd Crusade Christians took Jerusalem in a bloody battle Set up four Christian states in the Middle East 2nd Crusade Led by French knight Bernard of Clairvaux Wanted to drive Muslims completely out of Holy Land Muslim leader Saladin took back Jerusalem

The Crusades 3rd Crusade 4th Crusade Led by 3 European Kings (Barbarossa, King Richard, & King Phillip II) Was a disaster, no full attack was ever waged on Jerusalem King Richard signed an agreement w/ Saladin to let Christian pilgrims go to Jerusalem 4th Crusade Called by Pope Innocent III Turned into a European Civil War Became also known as the “Children’s Crusade”

The Crusades Effects of the Crusades Pulled Europe out of the Dark Ages Revived trade across the known world Broke down feudalism, helped monarchies grow Increased violence against Jews in Europe