WORLD DISASTER DAY April 30, 2014 lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: April 24, 2014 More lectures at Disasters Supercourse - http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/collections/collection52.htm PPT original - http://www.pitt.edu/~super7/51011-52001/51891.ppt Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

MAKING (OR NOT MAKING) OUR WORLD DISASTER RESILIENT IS OUR LEGACY History Will Decide Which Legacy We Actually Leave

THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE DISASTER HISTORY OF YOUR REGION, 2) BE WELL - PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) HAVE AN EVACUATION PLAN 5) LEARN FROM EVERY GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND START OVER

DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST THE PAYOFF IS GREATER SAFETY, SECURITY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR EVRYONE

AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS NOT DISASTER RESILIENT FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS DROUGHTS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO FLOOD DISASTERS APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO FLOOD DISASTERS

FLOODS CAUSES OF RISK BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN INUNDATION AND SCOUR INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE & CONTENTS FLOODS INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, INJURIES, AND DEATH CASE HISTORIES LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS EARLY WARN-ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU-ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL FLOODS RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION USUALLY TAKE LONGER THAN THOUGHT.

APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO HURRICANE OR TYPHOON DISASTERS

WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE CAUSES OF RISK WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS SEVERE WINDSTORMS STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN CASE HISTORIES POOR WORKMANSHIP IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WIND-STORMS PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS. DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND TO PREPARE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WINDSTORMS CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS

INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING CAUSES OF RISK INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE FAULTING ) IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS EARTHQUAKES CASE HISTORIES FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL OF THE LIKELY AND UNLIKELY HAZARDS AND RISKS IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL EARTHQUAKES IF APRIORI PLANS FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION ARE ABSENT, THE PROCESS WILL BE LONG, COMPLEX, AND HIGHLY POLITICAL

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO TSUNAMI DISASTERS APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO TSUNAMI DISASTERS

HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES CAUSES OF RISK HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP TSUNAMIS INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING CASE HISTORIES NO WARNING, OR INADEQUATE WARNING PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TSUNAMIS. DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING FROM A TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM TO EVACUATE PEOPLE FROM HARM’S WAY.

LESSON: RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION IS LONG AND COMPLEX

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO DROUGHT DISASTERS APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO DROUGHT DISASTERS

PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION CAUSES OF RISK PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DROUGHTS DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER LOSS OF VEGETATION CASE HISTORIES INSECT INFESTATION PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION

APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTERS

PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST CAUSES OF RISK PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA) VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH (AVIATION) IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS CASE HISTORIES IN PATH OF LAHARS IGNORING WARNING TO EVACUATE

TECHNOLOGIES FOR MONITORING, FORECASTING, AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO LANDSLIDE DISASTERS APRIL30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO LANDSLIDE DISASTERS

BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES CAUSES OF RISK BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS CASE HISTORIES EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING BARE, OVERSTEEPENED SLOPES

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL LANDSLIDES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE (SEARCH AND RESCUE) IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO WILDFIRE DISASTERS APRIL 30, 2014 MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE NOT RESILIENT TO WILDFIRE DISASTERS

PROXIMITY OF URBAN-WILDLANDS INTERFACE CAUSES OF RISK LIGHTNING STRIKES MANMADE FIRES PROXIMITY OF URBAN-WILDLANDS INTERFACE WILDFIRES WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED DEFORESTATION CASE HISTORIES DENUDED SLOPES HOT, DRY WEATHER

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES PREPAREDNES FOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPEDTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES EARLY WARN-ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU-ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL WILDFIRES RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION USUALLY MEANS HAVING THE CAPACITY TO START OVER.

THE CA: DISASTER RESILIENCE NATURAL HAZARDS PEOPLE & BLDGS. VULNERABILITY LOCATION DISASTER ASSESS. ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK RISK THE CA: DISASTER RESILIENCE GLOBAL COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

EDUCATION FOR GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCE GOAL: An Infrastructure For Delivering Knowledge and Information to Communities in Real and Near-Real Time THE KNOWLEDGE BASE CAPACITY BUILDING CONTINUING EDUCATION Best Practices Increased Knowledge, and Understanding Hazard Characterization Vulnerability Assessment Event-Action Associations Collect, Store and Process Data Interface with Other Information Sources Cause & Effect Relationships Towards Disaster Resilience Public/Private Sector Partnerships Use of the Knowledge Base Towards “Intelligent Cities” Warning Systems Up Close and Personal Learning Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster Disaster Scenarios For Training Distance Learning Educational Surges for Disaster Resilience

NORTH AMERICA’S DISASTER CAUSING EVENTS FLOODS HURRICANES EARTHQUAKES TORNADOES ICE STORMS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES

NORTH AMERICA’S DISASTER CAUSING EVENTS WILDFIRES TSUNAMIS ENVIRONNMENTALMPACTS TERRORISM

TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies NORTH AMERICA’S PRIORITIES IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS USE LAND-USE PLAN TO AVOID HAZARDOUS AREAS MATCH BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN WITH HAZARD DEMAND IMPROVE HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION MODELS AND SCENARIO MAPS IMPROVE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EM. RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY REDUCE URBAN VULNERABILITIES IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO CONDUCT PRE-DISASTER STUDIES FOR FUTURE USE REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies NORTH AMERICA’S PRIORITIES (CONTINUED) IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS WARNING SYSTEMS IMPROVE PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS POLICIES IMPROVE THE NEXT GENERATION OF BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF DAMAGE FROM EACH POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT ENHANCE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE “BEST PRACTICES” CLOSE “IMPLEMENTATION GAPS “

ASIA’S DISASTER CAUSING EVENTS FLOODS EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS TYPHOONS/CYCLONES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES DROUGHTS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies ASIA’S PRIORITIES IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS USE LAND-USE PLAN TO AVOID HAZARDOUS AREAS MATCH BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN WITH HAZARD DEMAND IMPROVE DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIOS IMPROVE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, EM. RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY REDUCE URBAN VULNERABILITIES IMPROVE POST-DISASTER STUDIES FOR THE LESSONS REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrate Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response, and Recovery. & Recon. Strategies ASIA’S PRIORITIES (CONTINUED) IMPROVE TSUNQMI WARNING SYSTEMS IMPROVE PREVENTION, MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MODELS IMPLEMENT AND ENFORCE MODERN BUILDING CODES IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IMPLEMENT MODERN STANDARDS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE ENVIRONMENTS ENHANCE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES IMPROVE WAYS TO SHARE “BEST PRACTICES” CLOSE “KNOWLEDGE” AND “IMPLEMENTATION GAPS “

PACIFIC RIM’S HAZARDS SEVERE WINDSTORMS FLOODS EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LANDSLIDES

PACIFIC RIM’S PRIORITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies y PACIFIC RIM’S PRIORITIES FOCUS ON HIGH BENEFIT/COST IMPLE-MENTATION STRATEGIES FOCUS CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF REGION ON A COMMON AGENDA BUILD TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CAPACITY FOR INT’L ASSISTANCET INCREASE FINANCIAL CAPACITY FOR INSURANCE IMPROVE ALL-HAZRDS COMMUNICATION DECREASE BUILDING AND LIFELINE VULNERABILITUES IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS PARTNERSHIPS IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS, EDUCATION AND TRAINING

LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN’S HAZARDS HURRICANES EARTHQUAKES FLOODS DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TSUNAMIS

LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PRIORITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PRIORITIES CREATE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PACTS INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF RISKS IMPROVE POLICIES FOR REDUCING RISKS TO BLDGS. AND INFRASTRUCTURE REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON REGIONAL SCALE REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON LOCAL SCALE CONTINUE CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL SECTORS CREATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS COMMUNICATION

EUROPE’S HAZARDS FLOODS WILDFIRES SEVERE WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

EUROPE’S PRIORITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies EUROPE’S PRIORITIES CONTINUE TO CLOSE “KNOWLEDGE GAPS? IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR ALL HAZARDS EARLY WARNING CREATE MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PACTS CONTINUE TO CLOSE “IMPLEMENTATION GAPS” REDUCE BUILDING AND LIFELINE VULNERABILITIES IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR ALL HAZARDS EVACUATION INCREASE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE, LIVELIHOODS, AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING

MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S HAZARDS EARTHQUAKES FLOODS DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES TSUNAMIS DUST STORMS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (Rare)

MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S PRIORITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S PRIORITIES IMPROVE ALL HAZARDS MONITORING INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPROVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING IMPROVE POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR RESILIENCE REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO BUILDINGS & LIFELINES FORGE DISASTER ASSISTANCE PACTS INCREASE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE, LIVELIHOOD, AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IMPROVE REGIONAL COMMINICATION

SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS POLITICAL INSTABILITY FLOODS DROUGHTS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (rare) HEALTH IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S PRIORITIES TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Integrated Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, EM Response. and Recovery & Recon. Strategies SUB-SAHARA AFRICA’S PRIORITIES IMPROVE PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS REDUCE SOCIETAL VULNER-ABILITIES TO FLOODS AND DROUGHTS IMPROVE CAPACITY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ACCELERATE EDUCATION (WITH FOCUS ON RISK REDUCTION TECHNIQUES) ESTABLISH REGIONAL PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT INCREASE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ESTABLISH MUTUAL ASSISTANCE PACTS