1. REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM 2013’S DISASTERS PART 1: EARTHQUAKE EXAMPLES
lecture by Walter Hays Uploading date: December 11, 2013
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Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

2. MOST OTHER NATIONS USUALLY DON’T CHANGE A SINGLE POLICY
ONCE AGAIN, 2013’S DISASTERS DEMONSTRATED THAT IT USUALLY TAKES MULTIPLE DISASTERS BEFORE THE STRICKEN NATION DECIDES TO BECOME DISASTER RESILIENT
MOST OTHER NATIONS USUALLY DON’T CHANGE A SINGLE POLICY

3. FAULTY PREMISE: ONE DISASTER ANYWHERE SHOULD BE ENOUGH TO MAKE ANY NATION ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO THEIR OWN DISASTER RESILIENCE

4. RECENT DEADLY EARTHQUAKES IN WESTERN CHINA
SICHUAN PROVINCE - APRIL 2010: At least 196 people dead.
QINGHA PROVINCE : A M6.9 earth-quake killed 2,700 people
SICHUAN PROVINCE - A M7.9 earthquake in May 2008: 88,000 dead and 56 million buildings damaged

6. LOCATION OF JULY 22 QUAKES

7. TWIN EARTHQUAKES HIT WESTERN CHINA ON JULY 22, Deaths Despite Being Moderate-Magnitude Events

8. LESSON: Ground Shaking will Damage or Destroy Unprotected Buildings
The first temblor struck at 7:45 am; Together they killed 94, injured 1,000, and caused collapse or severe damage to 127,000 homes.
LESSON: Ground Shaking will Damage or Destroy Unprotected Buildings
(i.e., no building code or an inadequate building code invites a disaster)

9. MAGNITUDES: 5.9 and 5.6, BUT WITH SHALOW DEPTHS
LESSON: A Shallow Depth of Focus Will Exacerbate the Damage From Ground Shaking in any Earthquake

10. TYPICAL DAMAGE

11. Chinese President Xi Jinping called for an “all-out” rescue effort and made saving lives the top priority

12. Officials dispatched thousands of police, firefighters, soldiers and government officials to search for survivors in an effort to keep loss of life as low as possible.

13. EMERGENCY RESPONSE

14. Rescue efforts were hampered by landslides and roads which had already been closed as the result of heavy rain.
LESSON: Expect all Kinds of Things to go Wrong During the Emergency Response Period When Timing is Critically Important .

15. TEMPORARY MEDICAL FACILITY FOR TREATING INJURIES

16. EMERGENCY MEDICAL

17. THE CHALLENGES FACING MANY NATIONS
Preparedness
Adoption and Implementation of a Modern Building Code and Lifeline Standards
Reassuring the People of Their Safety
Timely Emergency Response
Cost-Effective Recovery

18. WAYS TO ACCELERATE PROGRESS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE
EXPERIENCES WITH PREPAREDNESS
EXPERIENCES WITH MONITORING AND WARNING
INTEGRATE GLOBAL EXPERIENCES WITH YOUR EXPERIENCES
EXPERIENCES WITH DISASTER SCENARIO PLANNING
EXPERIENCES WITH RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION
EXPERIENCES WITH PREVENTION, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION

19. THE CHALLENGE:
POLICY CHANGES: CREATE, ADJUST, AND REALIGN PROGRAMS, PARTNERS AND PEOPLE UNTIL YOU HAVE CREATED THE KINDS OF TURNING POINTS NEEDED FOR MOVING TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE

20. QUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
QUAKE HAZARDS
INVENTORY
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION
EARTHQUAKE RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
QUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITIES
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION
FORECASTS/SCENARIOS
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

21. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE IN ANY COUNTRY
USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

22. IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY
IS A GOOD TIME
FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING
IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE

23. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE IN ANY COUNTRY
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

24. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

26. INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
APPLICATIONS
EDUCATIONAL SURGES
Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring
Gateways to a Deeper Understanding
Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring
Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization
Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations
Situation Data Bases
Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources
Cause & Effect Relationships
Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards
Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines
Create a Seismic Zonation Construct (A Policy Tool)
Introduce New Technologies
Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community
Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts
Enlighten Communities on Their Risks
Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios
Multiply Capability by International Twinning
Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster