1. UNDERSTANDING RISK AND RISK REDUCTION FOR THE EBOLA VIRUS UNDERSTANDING RISK AND RISK REDUCTION FOR THE EBOLA VIRUS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. APPLYING WHAT WE KNOW INNOVATIVELY AND STRATEGICALLY TO ACHIEVE SOCIETAL SUSTAINABILITY A FRAMEWORK FOR LIVING WITH THE INSTABILITIES CAUSED BY THE ONSET OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES, AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

3. THE VISION IS SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN EVERY COMMUNITY

4. BOOKS OF BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Change And Change

5. EDUCATION UNDER- STAND IDENT- IFY HEAR PERSON- ALIZE ACT PERIOD OF INTEGRATION WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY PERIOD OF IMPLEMENTATION

6. EDUCATION EDUCATION GOAL: SOCIETAL SUSTANABILITY PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR ACADEMIA FUNCTIONAL NETWORKING CHANNELS INFORMATION NETWORKING CHANNELS ORGANIZATION NETWORKING CHANNELS INNOVATION COMMUNITYSTAKEHOLDERS

7. YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK RISK REDUCTION PREVENTION-MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY ADAPTATION POLICY OPTIONS

8. EVERY COMMUNITY IS AT RISK AND HAS AN URGENT NEED FOR PUBLIC POLICIES AND STRATEGIC PLANS TO MONITOR, PREVENT, MITIGATE, AND PREPARE FOR THE INEVITABLE

9. ALL PUBLIC POLICIES SHOULD BE BASED ON AN UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT CAN HAPPEN AND AN IMPLEMENTATION PLAN TO KEEP IT FROM HAPPENING AND CAUSING A DISASTER.

10. A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL SOCIETAL ELEMENTS

11. INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SOCIETAL SUSTAINABILITY GOAL: TO FIND THE COMMON AGENDA (CA) OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS GOAL: TO FIND THE COMMON AGENDA (CA) OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS POLITICAL SOLUTIONS CA

12. OUR WORLD IS AT RISK FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASES  WATER-BORNE DISEASES  AIR-BORNE DISEASES  PEOPLE-BORNE DISEASES  ETC.

13. SURPRISE! THE EBOLA VIRUS IS ONE OF THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES THAT THE WORLD IS NOW URGENTLY CONCERNED ABOUT AT PRESENT, NO KNOWN CURE EXISTS

14. ELECTRON MICROGRAPH OFTHE EBOLA-ZAIRE VIRUS

15. SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS ELEMENTS OF RISK EXPOSUREEXPOSURE VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY LOCATIONLOCATION RISKRISK

16. FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS OF THE 5 FORMS OF THE EBOLA VIRUS FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS OF THE 5 FORMS OF THE EBOLA VIRUS   Fever,   Vomiting,   Muscle pain,   Bleeding.

17. LOCATION: AFRICA WITH ITS PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS LOCATION: AFRICA WITH ITS PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS  POLITICAL INSTABILITY  FLOODS  DROUGHTS  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON AIR, WATER, AND SOIL  ENDANGERED SPECIES  HEALTH CONCERNS  POLITICAL INSTABILITY  FLOODS  DROUGHTS  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON AIR, WATER, AND SOIL  ENDANGERED SPECIES  HEALTH CONCERNS

18. Ebola emerged in Guinea in March and has since spread to Sierra Leone and Liberia, with a suspected cluster in Nigeria.

19. EBOLA LOCATION

20. The current Ebola outbreak is the largest and longest ever recorded for the disease, which has a death rate of about 50 percent and has so far killed at least 961 people, according to the U.N. health agency.

21. Scientists say the disease can only be spread through direct contact with bodily fluids.

22. VULNERABILITIES  The virus is spread by contact with a stricken person’s fluids: blood, sweat, tears, and diarrhea.

23. FIGHTING EBOLA

25. FIGHTING NATURAL HAZARDS

26. COMMON AGENDA FOR SOCIETAL SUSTAINABILITY  MONITOR (REAL-TIME KNOWEDGE OF WHAT IS HAPPENING IN SPACE AND TIME )  PREVENTION (CONTROL THE SOURCE)  MONITOR (REAL-TIME KNOWEDGE OF WHAT IS HAPPENING IN SPACE AND TIME )  PREVENTION (CONTROL THE SOURCE)

27. COMMON AGENDA FOR SOCIETAL SUSTAUNABILITY  MITIGATION (REDUCE SOCIETAL IMPACTS)  PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR THE INEVITABLE AND THE UN- THINKABLE)  MITIGATION (REDUCE SOCIETAL IMPACTS)  PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR THE INEVITABLE AND THE UN- THINKABLE)

28. OUR WORLD IS AT RISK FROM ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES  FLOODS  SEVERE WINDSTORMS  EARTHQUAKES  TSUNAMIS

29. BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION AND SCOUR INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE & CONTENTS INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, INJURIES, AND DEATH LOSS OF FUNCTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITY OF NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

30. WIND AND WATER PENETRATE BUILDING ENVELOPE SEVERE WINDSTORMS SEVERE WINDSTORMS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES WINDOWS STORM SURGE AND HEAVY PRECIPITATION IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN POOR WORKMANSHIP IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

31. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE FAULTING ) IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

32. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING NO WARNING, OR INADEQUATE WARNING PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

33. OUR WORLD IS AT RISK FROM ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES  DROUGHTS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES  WILDFIRES

34. PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION DROUGHTS LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER LOSS OF VEGETATION INSECT INFESTATION PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

35. PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA) IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH (AVIATION) IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS IN PATH OF LAHARS IGNORING WARNING TO EVACUATE CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

36. BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING BARE, OVERSTEEPENED SLOPES CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

37. LIGHTNING STRIKES WILDFIRES MANMADE FIRES PROXIMITY OF URBAN- WILDLANDS INTERFACE WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED DEFORESTATION DENUDED SLOPES HOT, DRY WEATHER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

38. MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S HAZARDS  EARTHQUAKES  FLOODS  DROUGHTS  LANDSLIDES  TSUNAMIS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION  EARTHQUAKES  FLOODS  DROUGHTS  LANDSLIDES  TSUNAMIS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

39. EUROPE’S HAZARDS  FLOODS  GLOBAL CHANGE  SEVERE WINDSTORMS  EARTHQUAKES  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION  FLOODS  GLOBAL CHANGE  SEVERE WINDSTORMS  EARTHQUAKES  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

40. LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN BASIN’S HAZARDS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES/TSU- NAMIS  FLOODS  GLOBAL CHANGE  LANDSLIDES  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES/TSU- NAMIS  FLOODS  GLOBAL CHANGE  LANDSLIDES  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

41. SOUTH AMERICA/CARIBBEAN BASIN’S HAZARDS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES/TSU- NAMIS  FLOODS  GLOBAL CHANGE  LANDSLIDES  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES/TSU- NAMIS  FLOODS  GLOBAL CHANGE  LANDSLIDES  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

42. PACIFIC REGION’S HAZARDS  SEVERE WINDSTORMS  FLOODS  EARTHQUAKES/TSU- NAMIS  WILDFIRES  SEVERE WINDSTORMS  FLOODS  EARTHQUAKES/TSU- NAMIS  WILDFIRES

43. ASIA’S HAZARDS  FLOODS  EARTHQUAKES  TSUNAMIS  CYCLONES/TYPHOONS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES  DROUGHTS  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION  FLOODS  EARTHQUAKES  TSUNAMIS  CYCLONES/TYPHOONS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES  DROUGHTS  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

44. INDIAN OCEAN AREA’S HAZARDS  FLOODS  EARTHQUAKES  TSUNAMIS  CYCLONES/TYPHOONS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES  DROUGHTS  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION  FLOODS  EARTHQUAKES  TSUNAMIS  CYCLONES/TYPHOONS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES  DROUGHTS  ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

45. INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI: 26 DECEMBER 2004

46. NORTH AMERICA’S HAZARDS  FLOODS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES  TORNADOES  ICE STORMS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES  FLOODS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES  TORNADOES  ICE STORMS  VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS  LANDSLIDES

47. EASTERN NORTH AMERICA’S HAZARDS  FLOODS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES  TORNADOES  ICE STORMS  LANDSLIDES  FLOODS  HURRICANES  EARTHQUAKES  TORNADOES  ICE STORMS  LANDSLIDES

48. OUR WORLD IS AT RISK FROM GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE  UNNATURAL GREENHOUSE EFFECTS