2. BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE THAT WILL MAKE COMMUNITIES SAFER TOOLS FOR IMPROVING EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND MOVE COMMUNITIES TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

3. A BOOK OF A BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

4. COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION MITIGATION MONITORING ADAPTATION POLICY TOOLS FOR RISK REDUCTION

5. POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES BUILDING A CULTURE FOR NATURAL DISASTER RESILIENCE NATURAL HAZARDS EXPECTED LOSS

6. GOAL: KNOWLEDGE THAT COMMUNITIES CAN USE FLOODS SEVERE WIND STORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS LANDSLIDES WILDFIRES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS CLIMATE CHANGE SPECIAL SITUATIONS INCREASED TECHNICAL AND POLITICL CAPACITY OF COMMUNITY TO COPE INCREASED OWNERSHIP AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE IMPROVE COMMUNITY POLICIES

7. AFRICA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE OCEANIA CARIBBEAN ASIA  RUSSIA  INDIA  CHINA  SOUTHEAST ASIA

8. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE - Perspectives GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

10. A report of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program June 20, 2008

11. A joint effort of more than a dozen government agencies for the report, go online to www.usgcrp.gov www.usgcrp.gov

12. "Heat waves and heavy downpours are very likely to increase in frequency and intensity.”

13. "Substantial areas of North America are likely to have more frequent droughts of greater severity.”

14. “Hurricane wind speeds, rainfall intensity, and storm surge levels are likely to increase.”

15. The strongest winter storms are likely to become more frequent, with stronger winds and more extreme wave heights."

16. Soil amplification of earthquake ground shaking is likely to be more pervasive.

17. Landslides triggered in earthquakes or by flooding are likely to be more extensive.

18. The impacts of tsunami wave run up is likely to be more extensive.

19. “By the end of this century rainfall amounts expected to occur every 20 years now could be taking place every five years.” y the end of this century rainfall amounts expected to occur every 20 years could be taking place every five years. Such an increase "can lead to the type of events that we are seeing in the Midwest," said Karl, though he did not directly link the current flooding to climate change.

20. “An increase in frequency can lead to more frequent occurrences of flooding events such as those that occurred in the Midwest during 2009.“ y the end of this century rainfall amounts expected to occur every 20 years could be taking place every five years. Such an increase "can lead to the type of events that we are seeing in the Midwest," said Karl, though he did not directly link the current flooding to climate change.

22. DROUGHTS DROUGHTS - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

23. Drought is the result of the interaction of rainfall, which can be highly variable, and human systems, which can be very vulnerable to changes in rainfall.

24. Drought is related to climatic variability that usually is occurring far from the community or the area being impacted by drought.

25. PROLONGED LACK OF PRECIPITATION DROUGHTS LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF GROUND WATER LOSS OF VEGETATION INSECT INFESTATION PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND BY DESERTIFICATION CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

26. CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSED BY EL NINO AND LA NINA CONDITIONS LOCATIONS IN SHADOW OF MOUNTAIN RANGE

27. EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

29. Earthquakes occur as the result of interactions between and within tectonic plates in the lithosphere, which are slowly converging, diverging, or sliding past each other as a result of stresses created by ongoing heat flow within the Earth.

30. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

32. ENHANCED GROUND SHAKING CAUSED BY A SHALLOW FOCAL DEPTH ENHANCED GROUND SHAKING CAUSED BY BEING IN OR CLOSE TO THE FAULT RUPTURE ZONE

33. AMPLIFICATION OF GROUND SHAKING CAUSED BY SOFT SOILS LONG DURATION ACCELERATION CAUSED BY FLING OF FAULT

34. BUILDINGS UNABLE TO WITHSTAND LATERAL GROUND SHAKING LIFELINE SYSTEMS UNABLE TO WITHSTAND PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT ASSOCIATED WITH FAULT RUPTURE, LANDSLIDES, AND LIQUEFACTION

35. FLOODS FLOODS - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

37. BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN FLOODS INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EFFECTS OF WATER ON STRUCTURE & CONTENTS INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR HEALTH PROBLEMS, DEATH AND INJURY LOSS FUNCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE VULNERABILITY OF NON- STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

38. Flooding occurs when the local river channels, floodplains, wetlands, and water tables are not able to contain, store, or transmit local precipitation and runoff.

40. COMMUNITY’S BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE LOCATED IN THE FLOODPLAIN PROLONGED RAINFALL EXTENDED DRAINAGE IN A LARGE BASIN HIGH VELOCITY FLOW

41. SEVERE WINDSTORMS - Perspectives SEVERE WINDSTORMS - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

42. BOOK OF KNOWLEDE SEVERE WINDSTORMS

43. WIND AND WATER INSIDE BUILDING ENVELOPE SEVERE WINDSTORMS SEVERE WINDSTORMS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS UNDERESTIMATING WIND SPEEDS AND STORM SURGE FLOODING FROM STORM SURGE AND RAIN QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

44. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Alex (H) June 21 Bonnie July 27 Colin Aug 3 Danielle (H) Aug 21 Earl (H) Aug.29 Fiona Aug 30

45. ATLANTIC BASIN TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES: 2010 Gaston Sept 1 Hermine Sept 6 Igor H Sept 8 Julia H Sept 12 Karl Sept 14 Lisa (Pending)

46. LANDSLIDES LANDSLIDES - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

48. BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR GROUND SHAKING BARE, OVERSTEEPENED SLOPES CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

49. LANDSLIDES ALTER LAND SURFACES: 2005  Once tropical forests (a carbon sink) are cleared for cattle ranching or community development, the cleared land can becomes a major source of methane, a greenhouse gas.

50. SLOPES COVERED WITH LOOSELY CONSOLIDATED SOIL AND ROCK REDUCTION IN SLOPE STABILITY CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION OR EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING

51. WILDFIRES WILDFIRES - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And EM HI-ED And EM HI-ED

52. BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE WILDFIRES

53. LIGHTNING WILDFIRES MANMADE FIRES PROXIMITY OF URBAN- WILDLANDS INTERFACE WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION CUTTING FORESTS DENUDED SLOPES HOT, DRY WEATHER CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

54. t

55. BOOK OF BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

56. BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

57. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

58. PROXIMITY TO LATERAL BLAST VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC FLOWS IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS (TEPHRA) IN PATH OF VOLCANIC PLUME AND ASH (AVIATION) IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS IN PATH OF LAHARS INADEQUATE WARNING ANO EVACUATION CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

59. AFTER 10,000 YEAR DORMANCY, CHAITEN ERUPTS IN CHILE: 2008

60. TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS - Perspectives - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Education And Education

61. BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE TSUNAMIS

62. HIGH VELOCITY OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP AND RUNOFF VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS FLOODING INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEMS PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF RISK CASE HISTORIES

63. SOLOMON ISLANDS: 2007

64. COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE PREVENTION & MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICIES FOR RISK MANAGEMENT