Diversity of Organisms and Classification

Six Kingdom System Archaea Eubacteria Protists Fungi Animals Plants

Archaea & Eubacteria Unicellular, microscopic Prokaryotic- No nucleus or membrane bound organelles Some are Photosynthetic Autotrophs Ex. cyanobacteria, Saprophytic or parasitic Heterorophs Saprophytic: feed on dead substances Parasitic: obtain nutrients from living organisms

Protists- 2 Kinds Protozoa Unicellular; microscopic No cell wall Nucleus present Eukaryotic – complex cells Autotrophic = makes its own food Heterotrophic = must go get its food Algae- the only ones with cell walls, some multicellular; all photosynthetic

Fungi Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae- slender threads Mycelium: a mass of hyphae No root, stem and leaf No chlorophyll Saprophytic or parasitic Reproduce by forming spores Cell walls made of Chitin

Animals -heterotrophic, have to move to get their food -Multicellular Eukaryotic – complex cells with nucleus and organelles Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: Invertebrates : without backbone Vertebrates : with backbone

Invertebrates Many different body plans! No backbone May or may not have an exoskeleton Includes sponges, echinoderms, crustaceans, mollusks, worms, as well as several other type organisms

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Fish Aquatic – fresh and salt water Cold-blooded – 2 chambered heart Body covered with wet and slimy scales Streamlined body to move easily through water Fins for balance and to control movement Gills for breathing External fertilization

Amphibians Cold-blooded – 3 chambered heart Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present tetrapods Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs & skin External fertilization No claws on toes

Reptiles Cold-blooded – 3 or 4 chambered heart Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land Breathe with lungs Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs Claws on toes

Birds Warm-blooded – 4 chambered heart Body covered with feathers 2 wings and 2 feet Beak for feeding Lungs & air sacs for breathing Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs Claws on toes

Mammals Warm-blooded – 4 chamber heart Hair or fur on skin Females have mammary glands for producing milk Lungs for breathing Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies Give birth to offspring Claws or nails on toes

Plants Eukaryotic Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis Autotrophic: makes own food Cell walls Multicellular Reproduce by spores or seeds Transport by vascular tissue- xylem & phloem

Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles. xylem - located on the innermost ring of the stem/root; it carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. phloem - located on the outermost ring (of vascular tissue) in the stem/root; it carries dissolved proteins, amino acids, sugars and other complex compounds in any direction. Xylem and Phloem make up the vascular bundles.