1. Classifying Types of organisms

2. Tremendous Diversity How do we begin?
There are so many types of organisms that we need a system to categorize them all!
First : we look to see what kind of cells (or cell) an organism has. One with or one without a nucleus
Second: we look at how it gains energy (eating)

3. Cell Types: Feeding, Gain Energy
1. Prokaryotic: a cell that lacks a nucleus, has simple structures within it
2. Eukaryotic: a cell that has a nucleus and other complex structures within it.
Feeding, Gain Energy
1. Autotrophic: an organism that makes it’s own food from solar energy or chemicals (photosynthesis)
2. Heterotrophic: an organism that must eat other organisms to obtain it’s energy

4. Classification of Organisms
All organisms can be classified and named according to this system; based on :
shared traits and common origins
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King Kingdom
Phillip Phylum
Came Class
Over Order
For Family
Green Genus
Soup Species

5. Finding Order in Diversity
Why Classify?
To study the diversity of life
To organize and name organisms
Why give scientific names?
Common names are misleading
jellyfish
silverfish
star fish
None of these animals are fish!
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6. Example of Classification of Bears

7. Five Kingdom System
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals

8. Bacteria Kingdom Unicellular, microscopic Motile (Moves) No nucleus
Prokaryotic
No chlorophyll (so not photosynthetic)
Special traits& examples:
Decomposers (Saprophytic)
Sapro “rotten”
Phytic “plants”
Parasitic
E. Coli: food poisoning (deadly)
Normally found in intestines
Beneficial
Lactobacillus: yogurt and cheese

9. Protist kingdom Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic or Heterotrophic
( WOW…both!)
Special traits and examples:
Classified by how they move
Some are Plant like: Phytoplankton
Provide most of worlds oxygen
Some are Animal like: Zooplankton
Their remains are used in cleansers such as toothpaste and comet

10. Fungus kingdom Eukaryotic (does this mean it has a nucleus?)
Non-motile (don’t move)
No root, stem or leaf!
No chlorophyll (can this photosynthesize?)
Decomposers
Saprophytic or parasitic
Special traits & examples:
Reproduce by forming spores
Most are multicellular: mushrooms, bread mold etc..
Unicellular: yeasts

11. Plant Kingdom Eukaryotic (do these have nuclei?)
? Do you think multi or single celled?
Non-motile (don’t move)
Most plants contains pigments (chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Special traits and examples:
Can be divided into two groups:
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants

12. Animal Kingdom Eukaryotic
Special traits and examples:
Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone:
Invertebrates : without backbone
Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, Round worms, Mollusks, Segmented Worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms,
Vertebrates : with backbone
Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

13. Classification
Quest
Animals are separated into groups or categories so that they are more easily studied and discussed by scientists and others.
Use the following slides to fill in the “Classification Quest” Worksheet

14. Important Invertebrates: Arthropods
Most diverse group of invertebrates
Segmented body
Hard exoskeleton
Several pairs of jointed legs
Divided into 3 groups:
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Insects

15. Diversity Insects Body with 3 segments Crustaceans 6 legs 2 antennae
Moths, Butterflies, Bees, Praying Mantis
Crustaceans
2 antennae
Body with 3 segments
7 or more pairs of legs
Gills
Aquatic and Land Forms
Lobsters, Rollie Pollies, Shrimp
Arachnids
Body with 2 segments
8 legs
Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks

16. Vertebrate Groups:
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

17. Fish Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales
Live in water (Aquatic)
Cold-blooded
Body covered with wet and slimy scales
Streamline body for easy movement through water
Fins for balance and to control movement
Gills for breathing, must keep moving to breathe
External fertilization
Most fish lay large numbers of eggs, but some have live birth

18. Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present
Must stay close to water
Amphibian means "two lives, (metamorphosis)
Limbs present
Tetrapods (walk on four legs)
Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs
External fertilization
Lay eggs in water

19. Reptiles Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Lives on land
Breathe with lungs, and sometimes absorb oxygen though their mouth
Internal fertilization (mating)
Lay shelled eggs ( hard or leathery)
Closely related to birds

20. Birds Warm-blooded With feathers and wings
Have bodies and hollow bones that are adapted for flight
Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization ; lay hard shelled eggs
Live in almost every habitat on earth

21. Mammals Warm-blooded Specialized Teeth based on food preferences
Single Jaw bone
Hair on skin
Females have mammary glands for producing milk
Lungs for breathing with a diaphragm
Internal fertilization
Embryos develop inside mothers body

22. Mammal Subgroups Monotremes Marsupials Placental egg-laying mammals
duckbilled platypus, echidna
Marsupials
pouched mammals
short-lived placenta
koala, kangaroo, opossum
Placental
true placenta
shrews, bats, whales, humans