2. Diversity of Organisms and Classification

3. Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species

4. n The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

5. Five Kingdom System n Bacteria n Protists n Fungi n Animals n Plants

6. Bacteria Kingdom n Unicellular, microscopic n No nucleus –Prokaryotic n No chlorophyll –Saprophytic or parasitic

7. Protist kingdom n Unicellular; microscopic n Nucleus present –Eukaryotic n Autotrophic or heterotrophic

8. Fungus kingdom n Eukaryotic n Made up of hyphae n No root, stem and leaf n No chlorophyll –Saprophytic or parasitic n Reproduce by forming spores

9. Animal Kingdom n Eukaryotic n Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: –Invertebrates : without backbone –Vertebrates : with backbone

10. Invertebrates

13. Vertebrates n Divided into 5 groups: –Fish –Amphibians –Reptiles –Birds –Mammals

14. Characteristics of Fishes W Body covered with slimy scale W Use gill for breathing W Use fin for swimming W cold-blooded animals W external fertilization W e.g. carp, goldfish, shark

15. Fish n Aquatic n Cold-blooded n Body covered with wet and slimy scales n Streamline body for easy movement through water n Fins for balance and to control movement n Gills for breathing n External fertilization

16. Characteristics of Amphibians U Body covered with moist skin without scales U Use skin, lung and gills(tadpoles) for breathing U cold-blooded animals U external fertilization U frog, salamandar

17. Amphibians n Cold-blooded n Moist, scaleless skin n Limbs present –tetrapods n Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs n External fertilization

18. Characteristics of Reptiles U Body covered with hard and dry scale U Use lungs for breathing U cold-blooded animals U Internal fertilization U Lay shelled egg U e.g. lizard, snake, turtle

19. Reptiles n Cold-blooded n Body covered with dry, hard scales n Live on land n Breathe with lungs n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

20. Characteristics of Birds U Body covered with feathers U Use lung for breathing U With a pair of wings U Lay shelled egg U warm-blooded animals U Internal fertilization U e.g. penguins, Owl

21. Birds n Warm-blooded n With feathers and wings n Beak for feeding n Lungs for breathing n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

22. Characteristics of Mammals U Body covered with hairs U Use lung for breathing U With mammary gland U With diaphragm U Internal fertilization U warm-blooded animals U e.g. rat, bat, whale, dolphin

23. Mammals n Warm-blooded n Hairs on skin n Females have mammary glands for producing milk n Lungs for breathing n Diaphragm present n Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

24. Plant Kingdom n Eukaryotic n Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis –Autotrophic n Can be divided into two groups: –Non-flowering plants –Flowering plants

25. Non-flowering plants n 4 groups: –Algae –Mosses –Ferns –Gymnosperms

26. Algae n Aquatic n May be unicellular or multicellular n No root, stem or leaf n Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

27. Mosses n With simple leaves and stems n No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water n Reproduce by spores n No vascular tissues n Found in damp area

28. Ferns n With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues n Reproduce by spores n Live in damp places

29. Gymnosperms n Reproduction by producing seeds –Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits  naked seeds n Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

30. Angiosperms (Flowering plants) n With flowers for reproduction n Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

31. Two groups of flowering plants MonocotyledonsDicotyledons CotyledonsTwoOne Leaf venationNettedParallel Root systemTap root systemFibrous root system