1. Diversity of Organisms and Classification

2. Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum / Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

3. Species
The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

4. Five Kingdom System
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Animals
Plants

5. Bacteria Kingdom Unicellular, microscopic No nucleus No chlorophyll
Prokaryotic
No chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic

6. Protist kingdom Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus present
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic

7. Fungus kingdom Eukaryotic Made up of hyphae No root, stem and leaf
No chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by forming spores

8. Animal Kingdom Eukaryotic
Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone:
Invertebrates : without backbone
Vertebrates : with backbone

9. Invertebrate Coelenterates 2 layers of cells Have tentacles with
sting cells
One opening

10. Flatworm
Long and flattened body
Free living or parasitic

11. Ringed worms
Long and segmented body
Have chaetae for locomotion

12. Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body
Most of them are parasites

13. Molluscs
Soft and unsegmented body
Covered by a hard shell

14. Echinoderms Marine animals with 5-radial plan body
Have external spines

15. Arthropods Segmented body Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs
of jointed legs
Divided into 4 classes
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Myriapods
Insects

16. Crustaceans

17. Arachnids

18. Myriapods

19. Insects

20. Vertebrates Divided into 5 groups: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds
Mammals

21. Fish Aquatic Cold-blooded Body covered with wet and slimy scales
Streamline body for easy movement through water
Fins for balance and to control movement
Gills for breathing
External fertilization

22. Amphibians Cold-blooded Moist, scaleless skin Limbs present
tetrapods
Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs
External fertilization

23. Reptiles Cold-blooded Body covered with dry, hard scales Live on land
Breathe with lungs
Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

24. Birds Warm-blooded With feathers and wings Beak for feeding
Lungs for breathing
Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

25. Mammals Warm-blooded Hairs on skin
Females have mammary glands for producing milk
Lungs for breathing
Diaphragm present
Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

26. Plant Kingdom Eukaryotic
Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
Autotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:
Non-flowering plants
Flowering plants

27. Non-flowering plants
4 groups:
Algae
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms

28. Algae Aquatic May be unicellular or multicellular
No root, stem or leaf
Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

29. Mosses With simple leaves and stems
No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water
Reproduce by spores
No vascular tissues
Found in damp area

30. Ferns With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues
Reproduce by spores
Live in damp places

31. Gymnosperms Reproduction by producing seeds
Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits
 naked seeds
Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

32. Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
With flowers for reproduction
Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

33. Two groups of flowering plants
Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
Cotyledons
Two
One
Leaf venation
Netted
Parallel
Root system
Tap root system
Fibrous root system