English Revolutions English Civil War and Glorious Revolution A story really about Monarchs vs. Parliament

The Monarchs Monarchs in Europe at this time believed in divine right Divine Right: monarch’s right to rule came directly from God England’s first experience with this is James I in 1603 and the guy who followed him Charles I 1625 Believed their power was ABSOLUTE cause from God Absolute Power meant no one could question them Thomas Hobbes was the philosopher dude who wrote about this

Parliament Parliament made up of wealthy land owners, aristocracy, wealthy merchants Originally created to advise king help raise money through taxes Gains power over time and rights for English citizens Parliament is mostly Protestant or Puritans John Locke is the philosopher we think of cause he said “sovereignty lies with the people”

Monarchs vs. Parliament King James I & King Charles I are father and son Both liked life of luxury Parliament agrees to raise taxes for James I because he agrees to make no laws without their approval 1628 Charles I needs more money (for war) Parliament wants more rights King agrees to Petition of Rights (more rights for English people) King gets his money and then dismisses Parliament Parliament and People NOT Happy Campers!

English Civil War King James I & Charles I made people mad because of economic policies and other reasons They made enemies of the Puritans Puritans: religious group who wanted to ‘purify’ the Church of England Puritans were from the Protestants Kings supported Church of England (The Anglican Church) Also his marrying a Roman Catholic French woman does not help OUCH! Church Scene (1:23) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjDAZREZ6SE&list=RD02vWPbnWMpMiA 

English Civil War Remember Puritans control Parliament 1640 K. Charles I needs money for war with Scotland Parliament passes law that king cannot dismiss Parliament King Charlie has to agree to get his $$$ for war He Agrees He gets his money then marches into Parliament with troops to arrest them but they escape 1642 War between Puritans (Parliament) and King Charles I erupts

English Civil War Oliver Cromwell – Leader of Puritans Cromwell puts together an army that become known as Roundheads King Charles’ supporters and army were known as Cavaliers Horrible Histories : Musical Cavaliers v Roundheads (2:30) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4b0G_auKCI&list=RD02vWPbnWMpMiA

English Civil War 1646 Cromwell’ s Roundheads defeat Charles’ Cavaliers 1649 Charles I surrenders, he is tried, convicted and beheaded as a traitor Guess What? Cromwell seizes control of the government Parliament (House of Commons) he keeps House of Lords he gets rid of – Kick's Out

English Civil War But… Cromwell cannot control his new Parliament 1653 Cromwell dismisses Parliament He sets up a military dictatorship ruling alone with support from the army He wants England to be a strict Puritan nation But… Most English people happy with Church of England People also do not want a republic They want a Constitutional Monarchy (a king with limited power) Horrible Histories: (4:08) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWPbnWMpMiA

Glorious Revolution 1658 Cromwell dies and The Commonwealth quickly falls apart 1660 Parliament asks Charles’ son to come back and be king …. King Charles II 1660 – 1668 known as the RESTORATION because the monarchy was “restored” or brought back The Church of England also restored as nation’s official religion Parliament passes laws limiting rights of Catholics and Puritans (opponents of Church of England)

Glorious Revolution 1685 Charles II dies and his bros., James II became king King James II was a Catholic …. Uh Oh! 1687 He grants freedom of religion to Catholics and Puritans … That’s a double UH OH! Some are worried he will try to turn England back to Catholicism Wealthy (rich) nobles, landowners, and merchants plot against him 1688 Parliament asks William of Orange (Netherlands) and wife Mary (James II’s daughter) to oust him William and his army march on London and James flees to France

Glorious Revolution James’ daughter Mary and husband William become King and Queen Before being crowned they have to agree to English Bill of Rights The king now rules by the power of Parliament, not God. This event is what is known as the Glorious Revolution! No bloodshed Horrible Histories (3:42) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FyQnEDt7eA