1. The Stuarts
England

2. Parliament Governing body in England
Today, it is the supreme legislative body in Great Britain
Bicameral – House of Lords and House of Commons

3. James I of England From Scotland (King James VI) Protestant
Elizabeth named James her successor – she had no children
England was financially distressed
Tried to unite Scotland and England
Gunpowder plot – attempt to blow up the Parliament building – Nov 5, 1605
Guy Fawkes attempted to kill James and blow up House of Lords
Wanted Catholic monarch
Trouble with Parliament
Wouldn’t give James the money he wanted for various expenses
Puritan threat
Wanted to purify the Church of England and get rid of any ritual that resembled Catholicism
Wanted to take power away from church officials
James believed himself to be an absolute monarch – the Puritans threatened this concept – supported the church because the church supported him
King James Bible
54 scholars
Took 7 years, finished in 1611
Translated from Hebrew and Greek
Other English translations existed, but this translation reflected the Puritans’ demands for more cohesion with Episcopal practices

4. Charles I Younger son of James I Married a Catholic woman
Wanted to perform expensive strategies for foreign wars – Parliament refused to give him the funds he wanted
Instead, attempted to tax the English me and women in order to fund the war
Parliament calls for a Petition of Right
Cannot levy taxes with Parliament consent or incarcerate anyone without justification
Direct challenge to absolute monarchy
Taxed people anyways and forced bankers to loan him the money
Charles dismisses Parliament and continues to rule without it for the next decade

5. English Civil War England quickly losing money due to foreign wars
Called up Parliament but quickly dissolved since the King didn’t want to comply with any of their demands – Short Parliament
Reconvenes – Long Parliament
Passed new laws that would limit the monarchy
English Civil War
Charles attempted to arrest Puritan reformers for treason – this attempt exposed his plot to regain full authority
Parliament rises up against the King and the King responds
Charles received money from Royalists (nobles)
Parliament’s army funded via voting – supporters = Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell – General for Parliament
1646 – Charles surrenders and Cromwell dismisses any and all Parliament members who disagrees with him (Cromwell) – left over = Rump Parliament
Charles tried and executed – 1st European monarch to be tried and sentenced to death by court of law

6. Oliver Cromwell as Leader
House of Lords and monarchy are abolished
England = commonwealth – based on the common good of the people (republican gov’t)
Oliver Cromwell = Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland
Very strict leader – required complete obedience, no leisure activities
Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan
Calls for a social contract and absolute rule
A strong central government eliminates much chaos and civil wars
Written during English Civil War
Angered many Englishmen
Oliver dies, song Richard takes his place
Not a very strong leader and commonwealth collapses

7. Restoration Parliament reconvenes and elects to bring back monarchy
Invites Charles II to be king
Religious toleration for Catholics
Habeas Corpus Act of 1679
Someone accused of a crime had the right to appear in court to determine if the accused should be held or released
Plague returns

8. James II Charles II’s brother – next in line
Catholic, married a Catholic and had a Catholic son
Elected Catholics to high positions in society and military
When there was rumor of William of Orange invading England, he fled to France and threw his seal into the river.
Would later symbolize his abdication

9. Glorious Revolution
James’ daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange were invited to be the king and queen of England.
Both William and Mary were protestants
Glorious Revolution = transfer of power from James to Mary
Constitutional Monarchy
Established by the English Bill of Rights
Prevented the monarchy from levying taxes without the approval of Parliament
Inspiration for the U.S. Constitution
Monarchy limited by the Parliament
No more absolute monarchy