Chapter 21, Lesson 4 Why do politics often lead to war? World War I Ends Chapter 21, Lesson 4 Why do politics often lead to war?

Vocabulary: Ch. 21, Lesson 4 (pg. 425) armistice reparation Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Ending the War 1917-1918 US enters the War in April of 1917 March 1918 Russia exits the war Germans now use all their resources on Western Front March of 1918 Germany begins a massive attack on France

Central Powers Crumble (1918) US sends 140,000 “fresh” troops 2nd Battle of the Marne in France (June 1918)—Germans lose Central Powers Crumble Revolutions in Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire surrenders German soldiers mutiny, public turns against Kaiser Wilhelm II https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2oY37PcNPQ

War Ends (1918) Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates on Nov. 1918 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month in 1918 (Nov. 11, 1918) Germany agrees to sign an armistice (truce) Over 37 million and 20 million wounded Cost of 338 billion dollars

Ending the War The Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the “Big Four” at the Paris Peace Conference Wilson Proposes his “14 points” “Big Four” create Treaty of Versailles War Guilt Clause Break up of German, Austrian, Russian and Ottoman Empire Reparations Legacy of bitterness and betrayal Council of Four at the WWI Paris peace conference, May 27, 1919 Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Britian) Premier Vittorio Orlando (Italy). Premier Georges Clemenceau (France) President Woodrow Wilson (USA)

Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” US President Wilson created the Fourteen Points resolution to bring about peace and make sure a war like this would not occur again He presents these Fourteen Points to Congress, but Congress fails to pass this resolution.

Activity #1 Read Wilson’s Proposal (pg. 427) 1. Identify three of Wilson’s proposals in his Fourteen Points Write and answer the following question: 2. How did Woodrow Wilson portrayed WWI? 3. According to Wilson, how can the two enemies of liberty (absolutism and militarism) be eliminated?

Paris Peace Conference (1919) Conference took place in Paris (1919) to come up with peace settlement The Four: US, France, Britain, Italy (three) Note: Germany was not invited & Russia was dealing with its Revolution Complications—(1) secret agreements had been made before the end of WWI. (2) national interests complicated agreements (3) The Big Four argued

Activity #2 Read Paris Peace Conference (pg. 427-428) Table: What were France, Britain, and USA approach to the Paris Peace Conference? (What did they want to do after WWI)? Film Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jvl8sx6JK-0

Treaty of Versailles Paris Peace conference led to 5 separate treaties with each of the defeated nations (Central Powers) Treaty of Versailles with Germany Germany (Austria) were fully responsible for WWI Germany had to pay reparations ($) for all damages that the Allies had suffered Germany had to cut its army, navy, and elimiate its air force Germany lost some lands

Effects of World War I Before World War I feeling of optimism and progress of Human Kind After the War feelings of pessimism

Activity #3: Primary Sources Analyze the Political Cartoons Answer Questions