1. The Aftermath
of WWI

2. The End of World War I
Strikes and demonstrations in Berlin and other cities protest effects of war.
The British naval blockade of German ports = 1000s starving
In Oct 1918 Ludendorff resigned and German navy mutinied.
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicated on Nov. 9th
On 11th November the leaders of both sides held a meeting in Ferdinand Foch's railway carriage headquarters at Compiegne.
The Armistice was signed at 6am and came into force five hours later.

3. The Paris Conference
World War I ended in 1918, on 11/11 at 11am. In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused. Their conference was called The Paris Conference. Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany was not invited.

4. The BIG 4
Allied power leaders who met after WWI at the Paris Peace Conference at the start of 1919.
From left: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (Italy), David Lloyd George (Britain), Georges Clemenceau (France) of France and Woodrow Wilson (US)

5. The Big 4 Big 4 Position Focus Wilson: President
Self-determination of nations; no German punishment
George:
Prime Minister
Punish Germany (but not destroy economy/government)
Orlando:
Land as repayment (Wilson opposed)
Clemenceau:
Prime Minister & Minister of War
More punishment for Germany

6. David Lloyd George was asked how he did at the Conference.
He replied: "I think I did as well as might be expected, seated as I was between Jesus Christ [Wilson] and Napoleon Bonaparte [Clemenceau]."

7. Wilson’s 14 Points
First delivered to Congress in January 1918, Woodrow Wilson created his Fourteen Points as a skeleton for the peace terms with Germany following World War I. Eventually, the Big 4 altered the Fourteen Point plan and finished with the Treaty of Versailles.

8. Not everyone was a fan of Wilson’s 14 Points…
“Fourteen? The good Lord had only ten.” – Georges Clemenceau

9. The Paris Conference
President Wilson proposed a 14 point plan that he believed would bring stability to Europe, The French, however, were upset with Germany and felt Wilson’s proposal did not punish them enough. France pushed for a harsher treaty. In the end, the Treaty of Versailles was agreed upon. There were 440 clauses in the final treaty. The first 26 clauses established the League of Nations, while the remaining clauses were the countries’ punishments for causing the war.

10. The Treaty of Versailles
Among the clauses:
War Guilt clause – Germany to accept blame for starting the war and pay Reparations (payment for losses due to war). In the end, Germany had to pay over $64 billion.
Military Clauses – Army reduced to 100,000 men and no tanks; Navy reduced to 6 ships and no submarines;
Rhineland: free from military personnel and weapons
Territorial Clauses – Anschluss (no more uniting with Austria); Return land to countries; League of Nations took control over German colonies
Germany was not invited to the conference. Instead, they were forced to accept the terms and sign the treaty. They began payments on the reparations, but the total amount was cut in half in The payments stopped when Hitler took control.
In _____, Germany officially completed the payment.
2010

11. How do you think Germany felt about the treaty?
Partner Discussion
How do you think Germany felt about the treaty?
What, in your opinion, is the most fair part of the treaty? What is the least fair?

13. Which character represents Germany? How do you know that?
Partner Discussion
Which character represents Germany? How do you know that?
What is the cartoon saying?

14. Other WWI Treaties Country Austria Hungary Bulgaria Treaty St Germain
Trianon
Neuilly
Date
Sept 10th, 1919
Jun 4th, 1920
Nov 27th, 1919
Land
Lost land to Italy, Czechoslovakia and Serbia
Lost land to Czechoslovakia, Romania and Serbia
Lost land to Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia.
Army
Reduced to 30,000 men
Reduced to 35,000 men.
Restrictions made to size
Reparations
Bankrupt before rate could be set
Rate never set
$150 Million

15. Considering the start of the war, why is this significant?
Partner Discussion
What do you notice about the reparation payments for the four countries?
Considering the start of the war, why is this significant?

16. Scene from WWI Memorial in Europe

17. Wounded soldiers returning from battle

19. Iconic photo from Battle of Ypres

20. Soldiers grave from WWI

21. Burial site for WWI Soldiers in Britain

22. Death Tolls Austria 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 Britain
Nation
Total Number of servicemen engaged in the war
Number of deaths
Number of soldiers wounded
Number of men taken prisoner or reported missing
Austria
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
Britain
(inc Empire)
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
Germany
11,000,000
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
United States
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,500

23. Death Tolls Austria 7,800,000 15.4% 46.4% 28.2% Britain (inc Empire)
Nation
Total Number of servicemen engaged in the war
Number of deaths
Number of soldiers wounded
Number of men taken prisoner or reported missing
Austria
7,800,000
15.4%
46.4%
28.2%
Britain
(inc Empire)
8,904,467
10.2%
23.5%
2.2%
France
8,410,000
16.2%
50.7%
6.4%
Germany
11,000,000
16.1%
38.3%
10.5%
Italy
5,615,000
11.6%
17%
10.7%
Russia
12,000,000
14.2%
41.3%
20.8%
Turkey
2,850,000
11.4%
14%
8.8%
United States
4,355,000 3%
5.4%
.1%

24. Remains of WW1 Trench

25. More Aftermath (some information for the final)
Armenian Genocide: Ottoman Empire kills 800,000 and 1.5 million Armenian citizens
Treaty of Versailles upsets Germany: divided, guild placed on them, unable to pay all reparations right away
US does not join League of Nations
1918 ___ pandemic kills million people
Collapse of Russia and Austria Hungary leads to
Middle East:

26. The Great War Firsts “World War” “Total War” 30+ countries declare war
Many more indirectly (supplies, troops, etc)
“Total War”
All aspects of citizen life affected
Soldiers
Rations
Propaganda
Governments take over economy
“Modern War”
New Fighting Style
New Technology