1. End of WWI

2. Good bye Russia! March 1917 Czar Nicholas stepped down
By 1917 millions of Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner
Nov 1917 Lenin comes to power
March 1918 Russia is out of the war

3. Last Year of the War 1918
Russians out- Germans believe they can win war
All attention is on the western front
Germans launch big offensive-> Second Battle of the Marne (France)
Allies advance with American troops (350 Allied tanks; 140,000 US troops) Germans stopped

4. Central Powers Collapse
Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrenders
Revolution swept through Austria-Hungary
September 29, 1918 German military announces war is lost

5. German Dissent
Allies unwilling to make peace with German Emperor Wilhelm II
Emperor William II steps down Nov 9, 1918
Weimar Republic is formed (democratic)
November 11, 1918 Weimar Republic signed armistice ending the war

6. WWI: THE PEACE SETTLEMENT

7. U.S. President Wilsons Peace Plan: 14 Points
Made plan while war was still waging in January 1918
No secret treaties
Reduce weapons and armies*
Self determination (countries choose their own government) *
Free Trade amongst nations
League of Nations- international peace keeping organization *
No reparations *

8. Treaty of Versailles Treaty to end WWI Allies Win War
June 28, 1919 in Paris
Meeting of the Big 4:
Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
Georges Clemenceau
(FR)
David Lloyd George (GB)
Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Lloyd-George, Clemenceau, Wilson
At Versailles

9. Goals of the Victors
France and Great Britain- wanted to keep Germany from rebuilding its military forces
Italy- wanted to gain territory from Austria Hungary
U.S.- wanted a lasting and just peace

10. Treaty of Versailles Discussion
Get into groups of 4- no more than 4 people
Each student will assume the role of one of the BIG 4 members
Create your own terms of the treaty

11. Treaty of Versailles
No more Austria-Hungarian Empire or Ottoman Empire
Jewish people start migrating to Palestine (Modern Day Israel)
Creates a new map of Europe- new countries
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Yugoslavia
Hungary
Russia loses territory- new countries formed: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

13. What happened to Germany (Treaty of Versailles)
Germany had to take blame for the war. (War Guilt Clause)
Must pay reparations. (33 billion US dollars)
Lost colonies
Demilitarization
Lost Alsace and Lorraine territory
The new Weimar government in Germany had no chance to succeed.

14. DEMILITARIZED THE RHINELAND

15. Human Cost of War Russia- 1.7 million (killed) British- 900,000
France- 1.3 million
Italy- 650,000
U.S.- 116,000
Germany- 1.7 million
Austria- Hungary – 1.2 million