Industrial Revolution Take Home Notes ARCHER

7-3.4 Industrial Revolution Begins In the 1700’s many agricultural changes happened: Enclosure: landowners stopped renting to small farmers and fenced off land to make big farms. They would plant a single cash crop or raise sheep for wool Crop Rotation: rotating fields to keep the soil fertile Farming Technology: new tools to be more efficient

As more food became available population increased As bigger farms became the norm small farmers often lost their jobs and had to move Rural to Urban Migration Rural= country Urban= city Migration = move People moved from the country to the city to find new jobs, urbanization

Rivers: provided power source and transportation Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain? Capital: landowners had extra money that they could invest into businesses Rivers: provided power source and transportation Iron: used to make machines and steel Coal: fuel for powering machines Population: people could work in factories and buy goods that were made

Originally Britain had a Cottage Industry Domestic System where goods were made at home As machines develop instead of making goods at home, goods will be made in factories

Flying Shuttle: 1753- John Kay Increased textile (cloth) production by doubling the amount of weaving a worker could do in one day

Spinning Jenny 1760’s- James Hargreaves Spinners could spin cotton thread quickly, they could do 8 threads at one time

Water Frame 1768- Richard Arkwright Used water as a power source for spinning machines (good thing Britain had a lot of rivers!!)

Steam Engine 1769- James Watt Replaced water power with steam power, factories wouldn’t have to be built next to rivers anymore

Water Powered Loom 1787- Edmund Cartwright Wove cloth as fast as spinning machines made it

Cotton Gin 1793- Eli Whitney Cleaned cotton seeds 50 times faster than people by hand

As textiles were made faster in factories there was more wool and cotton needed to keep up As machines developed there was more coal and iron that needed to be mined

7-3.4 Increased Production In order to make goods faster investors focused on the factory system- machines and people in one large location Due to the steam engine they could transport goods by railroad and steam boat far distances (increased the need for iron and coal) Mass Production: when a factory would make a huge quantity of identical goods at a cheap price

Interchangeable Parts: using machine made parts that are exactly alike Interchangeable Parts: using machine made parts that are exactly alike. Made it easier to fit items together and fix broken pieces (Eli Whitney) Division of Labor: each worker would have a specialized task Assembly Line: products are put together in a moving line

7-3.4 Social Classes & Worker Life If you lived in the city and worked in a factory there were many struggles being in the lower class Low pay, long hours (14 hours a day/6 days a week) Children worked in factories Dangerous working condition Low quality housing Crowded apartments without running water High crime because of poverty Pollution from factories Not enough police

Middle and Upper Classes had a much better lifestyle They owned businesses and worked as managers They moved to nice homes in the suburbs They had free time and leisure activities

They would go on strike to get: Unions- workers will join together to improve conditions and lower the gap between classes They would go on strike to get: Safety Higher pay Shorter hours Parliament and Congress will begin to regulate factory conditions

7-3.4 Industrial Revolution Economics Laissez-faire Capitalism (let it be) was how the economy was run at the start of the Ind. Rev. All factors of production were privately owned and the government was not involved Capitalism is based on: competition, supply and demand, and self interest Capitalism represents the American dream work hard and you will succeed 

The downside of capitalism is disparity of wealth The successful get more and more rich and the poor get worse off Workers of the Ind. Rev. felt like they were beat down by capitalism and wanted the government to get involved (minimum wage)

Many people began to support Socialism, the government would plan the economy to promote equality and end poverty Many of these ideas were inspired by ‘The Communist Manifesto’ by Karl Marx This was a controversial idea but the working class felt they would be better protected with it Labor unions and socialists worked together to make change

7-3.4 Industrial Revolution Good or Bad? Benefits New inventions Many goods at lower cost New transportation and communication Growth of middle class Growth of cities Job opportunities Independence for women Problems Accidents and deaths Bad working conditions Long working hours Low pay Unhealthy living conditions Pollution Loss of village communities More time traveling Families working in separate jobs