Grammar Miss Johnson

Idioms Idiom: a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words

Phrasal Verbs Phrasal Verb: an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically either an adverb, a preposition, or a combination of both; a two to three word phrase functioning as the verb Adverb- break down Preposition- see to Adverb and preposition- Lock down on

Phrasal Verb Verb: The cat turned. Verb Phrase: The cat has been turning the pages of the book. Phrasal Verb: The cat turned in late. (idiom for “went to bed”)

3 tests for phrasal verb Ask: “Does the meaning of the phrase change substantially compared to the meaning of the separate words?” The verb and particle can usually be separated by a direct object with no change in meaning. Phrasal verbs often have single-word equivalents

Phrasal Verbs We diagram a phrasal verb the same way we diagram a verb phrase – it all goes on the same line. He dressed up for the concert.

Phrasal Verbs I work out in the morning.

Special Structures Adverbial Objective Double Modifiers Noun that functions as a verb Double Modifiers Modifier that modifies another modifier

Adverbial Objectives Adverbial Objective: noun and pronoun that function as adverbs Indirect objects are adverbial objectives; they tell to whom or for whom something is given, said, or shown, and they modify verbs To test: usually we can insert a preposition and the sentence will make sense (its like having an imaginary prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb or time or place)

Adverbial Objectives Abelard never came home Friday.

Adverbial Objectives You arrived ten minutes late for you lesson.

Adverbial Objectives It costs three dollars a gallon.

Double Modifiers Double Modifier: a compound of two or more modifying words that function as either an adjective or an adverb Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Hyphens sometimes link multiple modifiers together Ex: the forty-year-old-man Credit-card statement Over-the-counter medicine Long-distance phone call Other qualifiers or possessive modifiers that proceed a modifier Somewhat slow Rather quickly Extremely thin Very smoothly

Double Modifiers The long-distance phone call was a fortune.