4b: Reasons for the increase in immigration Hope for better opportunities
4b: Reasons for the increase in immigration Desire for religious freedom
4b: Reasons for the increase in immigration Escape from oppressive governments
4b: Reasons for the increase in immigration Desire for adventure
4b: Reasons why cities grew and developed Specialized industries, including steel (Pittsburgh) and meat packing (Chicago)
4b: Reasons why cities grew and developed Immigration to America from other countries
4b: Reasons why cities grew and developed Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities
4b: Reasons why cities grew and developed Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements.
4b: Efforts to solve immigration problems Settlement houses, such as Hull House founded by Jane Addams
4b: Efforts to solve immigration problems Political machines that gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing)
4b: Discrimination against immigrants Chinese
4b: Discrimination against immigrants Irish
4b: Challenges faced by cities Tenements and ghettos
4b: Challenges faced by cities Political corruption (political machines)