1. Towards an Urban America An Industrial Society

2. Important Individuals Alexander Graham Bell- telephone Henry Ford- autos and assembly line Thomas Edison- light bulb Jane Addams-Hull House in Chicago Andrew Carnegie- steel J.D. Rockefeller- oil Cornelius Vanderbilt- railroads

3. Society Immigrants- worked in factories Urban life- ghettos, tenements, overcrowded Settlement houses- community center in the slums Discrimination- women, children and minorities

4. Working conditions during Industrialization Sweat shops- making garments for low wages Child labor- as young as 5 years old worked in factories Long hours- no laws on number of hours worked Unsafe working conditions-workers safety was not a concern Low wages- Average of $3.00 a week

5. Living Conditions in urban areas Tenements-unsanitary and cramped conditions Ghettos-terrible housing conditions in cities Political machines- politicians that were greedy and untruthful (offered jobs and housing to immigrants- which was against the law)

6. Reasons for Urban Growth Migration of African Americans to Northern cities ( for jobs) Immigration (for jobs) Industrialization (created jobs) Rural to urban migration (country to city)

7. Sweatshops

8. Location of Key Industries New England (New York)= textiles Detroit= automobiles (Henry Ford) Pittsburgh= steel (Andrew Carnegie) Chicago= meat packing (Upton Sinclair wrote THE JUNGLE)

9. Factors that supported industrial development Natural resources (iron ore, copper, lead) Transportation networks (railroads) Inventions (telephone, light bulb) Workers (Immigrants, child labor) Access to energy resources Financial resources $$$$

10. Methods to improve working conditions UNIONS *Knights of Labor *American Federation of Labor- (AFL) STRIKES *Homestead Strike- Carnegie Steel *Pullman Strike- railroads

11. Growth of big business Lower production costs (assembly line) Consumer goods available (mail order) Advertising National markets Corporations

12. Increased Immigration Better opportunities Religious freedom Escape from oppressive government adventure

13. Contributions of Immigrants Source of labor Food Language- new words Customs Religious diversity Farming methods Discrimination of Chinese and Irish

14. How native-born Americans treated immigrants Nativist movement (born in US is better) Chinese Exclusion Act ( No Chinese allowed) Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan ( No Japanese allowed) Barriers to education and employment

15. Name the state! Pittsburgh*New Orleans St. Louis*San Antonio Chicago *Atlanta Philadelphia*Detroit Salt Lake City*San Francisco Boston*Santa Fe Seattle *Denver Los Angeles