1. IMMIGRATION If you could move anywhere in the world, where would you move? Why? Who would you take with you, if anyone? Why?

2. The Journey… The trip from Europe to America took two weeks and cost about $30.00 Most immigrants traveled in steerage or 3 rd class quarters. The conditions were crowded, filthy, and filled with stench.

3. Ellis Island opened in 1892. Here, 5,000 to 10,000 immigrants were processed each day.

4. Once at Ellis Island… Immigrants had to pass a physical exam and were interviewed. Most new immigrants were poor and uneducated. One-third were illiterate (couldn’t read). Almost none could speak English.

9. New Immigration 1880-1920 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uwo4eZ-MF10

10. What is immigration? Immigration is the movement of people from one country to another An immigrant is someone who comes into another country.

11. Immigrants have been coming to America since the 1600s. But the immigration we are talking about now took place much later! After the 1880’s!

12. New Immigration New immigration is the wave of immigration from 1880 to 1920. During this time, 23 million immigrants enter the United States.

13. Ellis Island Immigrants from Europe entered the United States at Ellis Island in New York City.

14. Angel Island Immigrants from Asia entered the United States at Angel Island in San Francisco, California.

15. Immigration was a combination of Push/Pull factors Push- reasons they left home country Crop Failure/Famine Land and Job Shortages Rising Taxes Religious and/or Political Discrimination Disease Pull- reasons they came to the U.S. Freedom Join Families Economic Opportunity Wealth Jobs

16. So why did Immigration increase after the Civil War? Hope for better opportunities Escape from oppressive government Adventure Religious freedom Because of HEAR!

17. The Rise of Cities Immigration and The growth of Industry

18. Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods 3 challenges: 1. Tenements – a run-down, dirty apartment building. 2. Ghettos/slums – part of a city that contains poor and rundown neighborhoods 3. Political Corruption / Political Machines http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EBDA5D42-F75E-4F53-9E02- F87289EB7625&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US (Alexander Graham Bell)

19. Jacob Riis – Was a Reformer who published “How the other half lives” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxSV1F-sM4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 http://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/tag/rag-pickers/http://ephemeralnewyork.wordpress.com/tag/rag-pickers/ Italian rag picker info

20. Efforts to solve Immigration problems 1) Settlement Houses - Located in poor neighborhoods, provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries and libraries. Also had classes in English, Music and the Arts ex: Hull House, Founded by Jane Addams

21. 2) YMCA and YWCA - Recreation center for inner city kids 23rd Street YMCA, 1897 metropolitan champions

22. 3) Political machines – gained power by helping new immigrants: -Would provide housing and jobs in exchange for votes!

23. Why Cities Grew 3 reasons 1. Huge rise in immigration to America led to an abundance of cheap skilled and un-skilled workers 2. USA was changing from a rural to an urban nation (People were leaving the farm and moving to the city)

24. 3. Immigrants would have to work for dangerous and low paying jobs. Ex 1: Steel Mills of Pittsburgh Ex 2: Meat Packing plants of Chicago and Kansas City ( The Jungle – by Upton Sinclair, was a tell all book exposing the nasty conditions in meatpacking plants)

25. The growth of Industry After the Civil War, the United States was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation. One reason for growth was new inventions

26. Inventions 1)The telephone (1876)by Alexander Graham Bell He opened the Bell telephone company the following year

27. Inventions 2) The Electric Light Bulb (1879) Thomas Edison “The Wizard of Menlo Park” Also invented first power plants, phonograph, motion picture projector and the storage battery

28. 3) The Automobile (1908) Henry Ford’s “Model T” Established his first automobile plant in Michigan. The Model T sold for $850.00

29. Rise and prosperity of big business The captains of industry

30. What 3 items led to the rise of big business? They were: 1) National markets created by transportation advances(railroads and automobiles) 2) Advertising 3) The Captains of Industry

31. John D. Rockefeller Captain of OIL - Created the Standard Oil Trust (1882) - Became an Oil monopoly

32. Andrew Carnegie Captain of Steel Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became steel capital of the U.S. - -Created Carnegie Steel Company (1900)

33. Cornelius Vanderbilt Captain of Shipping and Railroads -Made his fortune by consolidating several small railroad companies into one big empire

34. Urbanization Industry and cities

35. Cities and regions became major centers for business and industry For example: 1. New York City, Boston and Philadelphia were manufacturing centers. 2. Pittsburgh was steel (The Steelers) 3. Detroit was automobiles (The Pistons) 4. Chicago was meatpacking (The Bulls) 5. New England states were textiles

36. Discrimination against Immigrants (2 main groups) 1)The Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – Prohibited Chinese workers from entering the United States for 10 years. Was extended in 1892 and again in 1902. Why? Competition for gold and jobs Discrimination spread to all Asian immigrants

37. 2) Discrimination against the Irish Were discriminated against terribly. Were seen as alcoholics, uneducated and dirty. They were denied jobs and housing because of the fact that they were Irish

38. Growth of Industry (summary) Lots of raw materials and energy (coal and oil) Large work force due to massive immigration Inventions and the Captains of Industry The Railroads (could ship goods all over the country)