Organic Molecules: Chemical compounds containing Carbon
What are we made of? Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorous (P)
Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Food Metabolism Cells Building Blocks
Vocabulary Check Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!
Organic Molecules Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids(fats) Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
Carbohydrates (Sugars) 2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH2O) Monomer = Monosaccharides Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C6H12O6 glucose, fructose, and galactose Disaccharides (double sugars) sucrose and lactose Polysaccharides (complex sugars) starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Carbohydrate Functions Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Central role as energy source. Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals) Structure (cellulose and chitin)
Food Sources for Carbohydrates
Protein Monomer = amino acids. Each amino acid contains an NH2 or amino group and a CO2H or carboxyl group
Examples Actin/ Myosin Hemoglobin Antibodies Enzymes: amylase, protease
Protein Functions Energy source (1 gram = 4 cal of energy). Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin). Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin). Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders (antibodies). Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin).
Food Sources of Protein
Lipids Monomer= Fatty Acid Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax-allows plants to store water. They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.
Main Types of Fats Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons Solid at room temperature Found mostly in animals. Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons Liquid at room temperature Found mostly in plants
Lipid Functions High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 cal of energy. Protects vital organs Insulates the body Stores food for later use
Food Sources for Fats
Energy Review
Nucleic Acids Monomer = nucleotides Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) genetic information storage.
Monomers Build Polymers