The Foundations of Rome Chapter 6 Section 1

Key Terms Republic Patrician Plebian Veto Forum Constitution Senate Consuls Dictator

Roman Civilization Develops All roads lead to Rome Rome was not built in a day When in Rome do as the Romans do How did a tiny city grow into a major power?

Italy’s Geography Large boot shaped Sticks out into Mediterranean Midway between eastern and western Mediterranean North protected by high mountains Sea provides protection

The Founding of Rome Middle of peninsula Romulus and Remus Latins arrived around 1000 BC Location of Tiber River Easy access to trade route Easy access to the sea

The Etruscans Ruled by Latin kings Etruscans ruled northern Italy Metalworkers and jewelers Influenced by the Greeks

Etruscans Built first walls and sewers Arch, building techniques Alphabet and number system System of government Gladiator games Sculpture and painting

Rome Becomes a Republic Republic-elected officials governed ruled Patricians –heads of aristocratic families Controlled every aspect of society Maintained power through a patronage system

Rome Becomes a Republic Plebeians- common people Plebeians refuse to fight in 494 BC Patricians gave them rights Plebian Council Elect officials like the Tribune

Rome Becomes a Republic Tribunes job to protect plebeians Veto- to stop or ban Forum- where Roman laws were displayed Judges were forced to obey

Republican Government Constitution- a political structure Senate – a body of 300 members Various assemblies- where all citizens could vote Magistrates took care of laws

Republican Government Consuls-chief executive Elected for 1 year Head of army and navy Censors next in line of power Recorded city’s population How much property people had Filled Senate vacancies

Republican Government Praetors-or judges Act as Consuls when they were away at war Had system of checks and balances Each part of government could constrain the other

Life in the Republic Thriving and vibrant Forum- the public square Rich lived at Palatine Popular place for shopping and gossip Farming and land ownership noblest way to make money

Life in the Republic Senators banned from any other career than with land Dictator-office with unlimited power Cincinnatus gave up power to return to farming

The Republic Expands Military might Well trained highly disciplined All men 17 to 46 required to serve in time of war Organized into legions Centurions- commissioned officers Command 100 men Well trained highly disciplined

The Conquest of Italy 265 BC controlled all of Italy Few conditions on subjected people Had to provide troops to Rome Next was Sicily Came into conflict with Carthage

The Punic Wars 264 BC war between Rome and Carthage Hannibal led elephants across alps to invade Italy Hannibal dominated the Italian countryside Single battle kills or injures 50,000 Romans

The Punic Wars Hannibal- ravaged Italy and defeated every army Rome placed a siege on Carthage Hannibal withdrew 3rd time Rome won Destroyed Carthage Enslaved population

Conquest of Greece Greeks sought alliance with Rome Macedonia, Persia, Egypt fought each other Greeks and Romans defeated them Romans later annexed Greece

The Conquest of Greece Romans adopted a lot of Greek culture Roman art and architecture Famous works of Romans are copies of Greek pieces Borrowed religion Zeus became Jupiter

The Conquest of Greece Romans thought Rome should be pure Dislike Greek influence Tried to keep Greek styles out of Roman buildings