1. Chapter 5 - ROME

2. Geography

3. Reasons Rome was a Good Place to Build an Empire
Centrally located in Mediterranean
Built on 7 hills
= easily defended
Located on the Tiber River
= safe from sea attack and good for trade
“All roads lead to Rome”

4. Greeks
settled in Southern Italy

5. The Roman Republic
509 BC - Romans overthrow Etruscan kings and create a Republic
Leader is NOT a king, and only certain citizens can vote.

6. War and Conquest Rome engaged in warfare for almost 200 years
They took control over all of Italy – including Greece

7. Why was Rome Successful?
Good Diplomats – allowed freedom and extended citizenship
Excelled in military matters – brilliant strategists
Practical in law and conquest

8. Government of Rome

9. Early Rome was divided into two groups:
Patricians – land owners; ruling class
Plebeians – less wealthy landholders, merchants, and farmers

10. CEOs of the Republic
Consuls – two men chosen each year to run government & lead the army
Praetors – in charge of civil law

11. Senate – 300 patricians who served for life
Centuriate Assembly – elected chief officials (wealthy) & passed laws

12. Struggle between the Classes
Patricians
vs.
Plebeians

13. Peace brought about by The Twelve Tables
450 B.C. - Rome’s first code of laws
Guaranteed rights to Plebeians

14. Law of Nations
Included principles (passed down through generation) such as:
Innocent until proven otherwise
Accused allowed to defend self
Judge expected to weigh evidence

15. Punic Wars BC

16. Battle for control of trade in the Western Mediterranean
Rome vs. Carthage
Battle for control of trade in the Western Mediterranean

17. Carthage

18. First Punic War
B.C.
Began when Rome sent an army to Sicily

19. Rome wins & gets Sicily

20. Second Punic War

21. Hannibal Invades Italy from Spain

22. Crosses the Alps with elephants, horses, & army of 46,000

23. Crushes Romans at Cannae

24. Hannibal spends 10 years in Italy, but no victory
Hannibal spends 10 years in Italy, but no victory. (Romans wouldn’t leave the cities)
Romans sent troops to Spain & pushed the Carthaginians out

25. Rome Wins Rome attacks Carthage
Hannibal forced to return through Spain--defeated at Zama in 202 BC
Spain becomes a Roman province
Rome is the dominant power

26. Third Punic War
50 years later
Rome attacks Carthage out of spite

27. Carthage burned

28. Rome establishes its empire &
now rules the Mediterranean