1. The Rise of Rome
Global Studies I

2. The Land and the People of Italy
Rome
located about 18 miles inland on the Tiber River, giving it access to the sea
far enough inland to be safe from pirates
built on seven hills, so it was easily defended
situated where the Tiber could be easily crossed

3. The Land and the People of Italy
Influences on Rome:
Greeks
Imitated their sculpture, architecture, literature, and alphabet
learned how to grow olives and grapes from them
Etruscans
adopted their clothing—the toga and short cloak
organization of the Roman army was also borrowed from them

4. The Roman Republic
republic a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote
Roman diplomacy
granted Roman citizenship to conquered people
allowed conquered people to run their own affairs as long as they followed Roman laws

5. The Roman Republic Excellent Military Practical in law and politics
accomplished soldiers
as they conquered, they built colonies
built roads to move troops quickly
Practical in law and politics
Created laws as problems arose

6. The Roman State Two groups of citizens
patricians - Rome’s wealthy landowners, who became Rome’s ruling class
plebeians - second and larger group of Roman citizens, who were less wealthy landowners, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

7. The Roman State Resentment between the classes
Patricians did not treat the plebeians as equals.
Plebeians could not hold government offices initially
their children could not marry the children of the patricians

8. The Roman State Roman Government Patricians Plebeians
Consuls (officer of the Roman Republic who ran the government and led the Roman army into battle)
Council of the Plebs (after 471 BC)
Praetors (officer of the Roman Republic who was in charge of civil law )
Tribunes (protected the plebeians)
Senate (300 men who served for life)
Consuls (from 4th century BC)
Centuriate Assembly (elected officials and passed laws)

9. The Roman State Roman Law Twelve Tables Law of Nations
Rome’s first code of laws
Applied to Roman citizens only
Law of Nations
Applied to all people
Innocent until proven guilty
Due process – judge hears case and makes decision based on evidence

10. First Punic War Cause Results
Romans sent an army to Sicily. Carthage thought Sicily was theirs and saw this as an act of war.
Results
Rome defeated Carthage
Sicily became the first Roman province

11. Second Punic War Cause Results
Hannibal, the greatest Carthaginian general, led a revolt against the Romans
Results
Rome crushed Hannibal at the Battle of Zama and the war ended
Spain became a Roman province
Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean

12. Review
Write short explanations of how each of the following terms relates to this period in Roman history:
Etruscans
Greeks
Consuls
Praetors
Plebeians
Patricians
Carthaginians