1. THE ROMANS CREATE A REPUBLIC

2. GEOGRAPHIC SETTINGS ITALY is on the ITALIAN PENINSULA ITALY is on the ITALIAN PENINSULA – North – Alps – Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea  West - Tyrrhenian Sea  East – Adriatic Sea * The central location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region * The central location of the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean region

3. THE BEGINNINGS OF ROME LEGEND HAS IT THAT TWO BROTHERS FOUNDED THE CITY OF ROME LEGEND HAS IT THAT TWO BROTHERS FOUNDED THE CITY OF ROME 753 B.C. 753 B.C. ROMULUS & REMUS ROMULUS & REMUS

4. CITY OF ROME BUILT ON “SEVEN HILLS” PALATINE HILLS BUILT ON “SEVEN HILLS” PALATINE HILLS It was in the center of the peninsula, which gave them a chance to control all of Italy It was in the center of the peninsula, which gave them a chance to control all of Italy

5. GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS ALPHABET ALPHABET RELIGION RELIGION – (ZEUS IS JUPITER) 50 EARLY GREEK COLONIES 50 EARLY GREEK COLONIES

6. EARLY REPUBLIC Republic = *Representative Democracy-decisions were made primarily by representatives who are elected and then vote on behalf of the people Republic = *Representative Democracy-decisions were made primarily by representatives who are elected and then vote on behalf of the people *POWER RESTS WITH THE CITIZENS WHO HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND SELECT THEIR LEADERS *POWER RESTS WITH THE CITIZENS WHO HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND SELECT THEIR LEADERS Two groups struggled for power in the new republic: Two groups struggled for power in the new republic:

7. Two groups fight for power: PATRICIANS – ARISTOCRATIC CLASS OF LANDOWNERS PATRICIANS – ARISTOCRATIC CLASS OF LANDOWNERS

8. Two groups fight for power: PLEBIANS – THE COMMON FARMERS, ARTISANS, & MERCHANTS THEY WERE THE MAJORITY PLEBIANS – THE COMMON FARMERS, ARTISANS, & MERCHANTS THEY WERE THE MAJORITY

9. Who won the power struggle? At first the patricians held most of the power. At first the patricians held most of the power. Overtime, the plebeians got the right to form their own assembly: Assembly of Tribes. Overtime, the plebeians got the right to form their own assembly: Assembly of Tribes.

10. Roman Government Part One: Two Consuls, or officials Part One: Two Consuls, or officials Elected each year Elected each year They led the government and the army They led the government and the army

11. Roman Government Second part, The Roman Senate Second part, The Roman Senate MOST IMPORTANT OF THE THREE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE THREE 300 PATRICIANS FOR LIFE 300 PATRICIANS FOR LIFE LAW MAKING BODY LAW MAKING BODY

12. Important vocabulary word: *VETO- ability to over-rule or cancel vote *VETO- ability to over-rule or cancel vote

13. Roman Government The third, and most democratic part were the assemblies. The third, and most democratic part were the assemblies. Included members from all parts of society Included members from all parts of society –citizen soldiers and plebeians Could also make laws Could also make laws

14. Basis for Roman Law The Twelve tables was the basis for Roman law. The Twelve tables was the basis for Roman law. Set of rules that said all FREE citizens were protected by the law. Set of rules that said all FREE citizens were protected by the law. publically displayed publically displayed *Roman system of justice was considered a milestone because it served as a model for many later European legal systems. *Roman system of justice was considered a milestone because it served as a model for many later European legal systems.

15. Roman Principles of Law 1. All persons are entitled to equal treatment under the law. 2. People are innocent until proven guilty 3. People should be punished for actions, not thoughts 4. The burden of proof rest on the accuser, not the accused. Which one of these are seen in our legal system today?

16. *Impact on Western Civilization *Roman’s granted equal treatment under the law---  This is an example of civil and natural law that impacted Western Civilization *Roman’s granted equal treatment under the law---  This is an example of civil and natural law that impacted Western Civilization

17. If there was a crisis: Senate could name a dictator Senate could name a dictator HAD ABSOLUTE POWER HAD ABSOLUTE POWER Made laws and commanded the Made laws and commanded the army. army. 6 month term only. 6 month term only.

18. THE ROMAN ARMY EVERY ADULT MALE CITIZEN (had to own land) was expected to serve in military EVERY ADULT MALE CITIZEN (had to own land) was expected to serve in military Organized into 5000 man units called Legions Organized into 5000 man units called Legions Well trained and heavily armed Well trained and heavily armed

19. Rome Spreads Its Power 4 th century B.C. Rome began to get larger 4 th century B.C. Rome began to get larger Within 150 years Rome had conquered all of Italy Within 150 years Rome had conquered all of Italy Rome allowed some of the conquered people benefits of citizenship Rome allowed some of the conquered people benefits of citizenship Rome saw growth of trade Rome saw growth of trade –Brought it in conflict with CARTHAGE (trading city in north Africa)

20. Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage From 264 to 146 B.C. From 264 to 146 B.C. Famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal Famous Carthaginian general, Hannibal Invaded Rome through Alps, on elephants! Invaded Rome through Alps, on elephants! Hannibal was never able to capture Rome Hannibal was never able to capture Rome Roman General, Scipio, defeated him in Africa Roman General, Scipio, defeated him in Africa Carthage was destroyed Carthage was destroyed – “salt was plowed into the ground” to forever destroy the city. –People forced into slavery –Carthage made Roman province

21. Mastery Check: Which of these forms of government is NOT in the United States? Which of these forms of government is NOT in the United States? A. Representative Democracy B. Direct Democracy

22. Closure:Ticket Out Compare DIRECT DEMOCRACY (Athens) to a REPUBLIC (representative democracy, Rome) Compare DIRECT DEMOCRACY (Athens) to a REPUBLIC (representative democracy, Rome) How are they similar, and how are different How are they similar, and how are different