Plant Kingdom Characteristics: Multi-cellular organisms Have eukaryotic cells Cell walls contain cellulose Carry out photosynthesis with a pigment called chlorophyll & organelles called chloroplasts Called autotrophs or producers

What plants need to survive: Sunlight Water & Minerals Gas Exchange of Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen

Photosynthesis CO2 + H20 + Sunlight C6H12O6 + O2 C6H12O6 is also called Glucose Carbohydrate Sugar

Plant Cells & Chloroplasts Q: What other organisms have chloroplasts?

Plants are divided into 2 large groups Plant Kingdom! Nonvascular (Bryophyta): plants without tubes Vascular (Tracheophyta): plants with important tubes

Nonvascular plants are divided into 2 groups. Nonvascular - Bryophytes Moss: lives in damp places! Liverwort: also lives in damp places!

Moss

Liverworts

T or F. Animals reproduce sexually and plants reproduce asexually. F. The vast majority of both animals and plants reproduce sexually.

Reproductive Parts - Sporophyte= asexual - Gametophyte= sexual Moss Liverwort

Sperm and eggs produced here. Alternation of Generations- form of reproduction in moss/liverworts. Both sex and asex needed Sexual: The plant makes sperm and eggs. When these fertilize, spore capsule on a stick forms. Sperm and eggs produced here.

Spore Capsule Asexual: The spores release, drop to the ground, and make new plants.

Plants are divided into 2 large groups Plant Kingdom! Nonvascular (Bryophyta): plants without tubes Vascular (Tracheophyta): plants with important tubes -moss and liverworts

Vascular Plants Have tube-like cells called tracheids Xylem transports water and minerals up Phloem transport food down Allows vascular plants to be much larger than nonvascular plants

Vascular Plants – 3 groups Ferns: Reproduce by alternation of generations. Gymnosperms: Plants with cones. “Naked Seeds” Angiosperms: Plants with flowers. “Covered Seeds.”

Most are small but some grow to 20 ft tall Ferns

Fern leaves drop spores.

Close up of Spore capsules Q: What other organisms reproduce using spores?

Spores produce a little leaf.

Lives for 2 weeks, and... produces sperm and egg

A new fern grows! New ferns are called “fiddleheads”

Parts of a fern – matching! Frond Stalk Roots Sori Rhizome a. Underground stem b. Where spores are stored c. Above ground stem d. Large leaf e. Takes up water & nutrients

Gymnosperms (conifers) Conifers have a male cone and female cone. The female cone produces the ovules and… The male cone produces the pollen. Fertilization of the ovule and pollen creates the seed.

Gymnosperms (conifers)

Conifers(cone-bearers) Male cones produce pollen (with sperm)! Pollen blows off in the wind.

WOW !!!!!

Conifers The female cone is big. Pollen sticks to it, and fertilizes an egg, making a seed.

Angiosperms : Most common plants Produces pollen (sperm) & egg in flowers Produce seeds

Angiosperms

Angiosperms and Gymnosperms have evolved to become the dominant plants on earth!!

Questions What organisms do you think are the ancestors of plants? What are the differences between spores and seeds? Why does having tracheids allow vascular plants to be much larger than nonvascular plants?