1. BIODIVERSITY OF PLANTS AND REPRODUCTION
Topic 1.2. Pg

2. Kingdom Plantae Land plants – some terrestrial, some aquatic.
High diversity with distinguishing characteristics.
Kingdom Plantae
Non-vascular Plants
Mosses
Liverworts
Hornworts
Vascular Plants
Seedless
Ferns
Seed-bearing
Cone-Bearing
Flowering

3. Kingdom Plantae 4 main groups:
Bryophta (mosses, liverworts, hornworts)
Pteridophyta (ferns)
Spermatophyta - Angiosperms (flowering plants)
- Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants)

4. Kingdom Plantae Similarities: Multicellular Cell walls Chlorophyll
Differences:
Appearance
Method of obtaining food and water
Other comparative characteristics include:
Vascular tissue - True roots, stems, leaves
Seeds/ spores - Cones/ flowers
Fruit
Dependence on water for reproduction

5. Differences between vascular and non-vascular plants
Specialized tissue to conduct/ transport food and water (xylem & phloem)
No specialized conducting/ transport tissue
Have true roots, stems and leaves
No true roots, stems and leaves
(root-like structures = rhizoids)
Divided into seedless and seed-bearing plants
E.g. ferns, cone-bearing and flowering plants
E.g. mosses, liverworts, hornworts

6. All plants have 2 generations:
Gametophyte generation
Sporophyte generation
Generations alternate, giving rise to the other throughout plant life cycle = ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS

7. BRYOPHYTES 3 groups: 1. Mosses 2. Liverworts (flattened; liver-shaped)
3. Hornworts (horn-shaped)
Small terrestrial plants
Grow in damp, shady areas
Gametophyte generation = DOMINANT
(large and longer-living than sporophyte generation)

8. BRYOPHYTES CHARACTERISTICS:
No true roots, stems and leaves – thallus plants.
Root-like rhizoids anchor plant in ground.
No true vascular tissue.
No seeds – reproduce by spores.
No fruits – spores in capsules.
Sexual reproduction – depends on water.
Asexual reproduction – release and dispersal of spores depends on dry weather.
Gametophyte generation = dominant generation

9. BRYOPHYTES