Chapter 7 The Rise of Europe Section 1: The Early Middle Ages Section 2: Feudalism and the Manor Economy

The Early Middle Ages Western Europe in Decline Germanic people conquered ROME After Rome collapsed Europe suffered from a period of economic, political and social Decline From 500 to 1000 Europe was Politically divided The Early Middle Ages

The Rise of Germanic Kingdoms Goths Vandals Saxons Franks The Franks Extend Their Power King Clovis conquered the Roman city of Gaul, later Gaul became known as France The Franks practice Christianity The Rise of Germanic Kingdoms

A Muslim Empire Threatens Europe The religion of Islam emerged in the middle east in the 600’s They built a large empire Christian leaders started to become worried The Battle of Tours took place in 732 with the Christians defeating the Muslims. A Muslim Empire Threatens Europe

The Age of Charlemagne 768 the rule of Charlemagne began A New Emperor of the Romans In 799 Pope Leo III asked for help with Christian Nobles Charlemagne helped the Pope and was crowned Emperor of the Romans on Christmas day in the year 800. The crowning of Charlemagne upset the Eastern 768 the rule of Charlemagne began The Age of Charlemagne

The Age of Charlemagne Creating a Unified Christian Empire Charlemagne helped to spread Christianity to the conquered peoples of Europe Powerful Nobles were appointed to lead each region He would send out officials to check up on the Nobles Charlemagne believed that all people were subject to the law The Age of Charlemagne

The Age of Charlemagne A Revival of Learning Used education as a way to unify people Kept accurate records and wrote clear reports Revived Latin learning Created local Schools The Age of Charlemagne

Europe After Charlemagne Charlemagne died in 814. The Empire was split into three regions with the Treaty of Verdun Charlemagne’s Legacy Extended Christian civilization into Northern Europe Blended Germanic, Roman, and Christian traditions Strong efficient government Later leaders followed his example Europe After Charlemagne

Europe After Charlemagne New Waves of Invasions In the late 800s the Muslim forces overtook Sicily Muslim attacks subsided in 900s Magyars started to settle in present day Hungary Plundered Germany, France, and Italy Eventually pushed back to Hungary. Europe After Charlemagne

Europe After Charlemagne Raiders from the North The Viking’s ended the last of the unity between the three regions Independent farmers ruled by land-owning chieftains Expert sailors In 700s the Vikings started to invade coastal Europe Around the year 1000 the Vikings even had a temporary settlement in North America Vikings settled in England, Ireland, northern France, and parts of Russia. Europe After Charlemagne

Feudalism and the Manor Economy Feudalism Develops All the invasions caused people in Europe to be Unsettled Feudalism developed as a system of powerful lords dividing up lands to lesser lords for loyalty. Mutual Obligations Vassals got to run land in return for loyalty and military service to the lords The pledge was known as a feudal contract The lords promised protection to the vassals in order for them to run the estates, or fiefs Feudalism and the Manor Economy

Feudalism Develops A Structured Society Aristocrats were a large part of society The King led the lords who led the fiefs and lesser peasants. Vassals would often commit to multiple lords Feudalism Develops

The World of Knights and Nobles Warfare was a way of life Nobles trained from a very young age to become a Knight Knights and Warfare Boys started training away from home at age 7 They learned to ride and fight Boys were usually knighted in a public ceremony Fought on horseback using swords and axes They carried shields for protection Often entered tournaments The World of Knights and Nobles

The World of Knights and Nobles Castles and Defense Fortified homes to withstand attacks Large castles, high walls and moats They were considered Fortresses Knights lived in the castle and defended it Peasants would often take refuge in castles when there was war The World of Knights and Nobles

The World of Knights and Nobles Noblewomen: Restrictions and Power Took over for me at war Some participated in politics Most women could not inherit land but some did Trained to spin, weave and supervise servants Sent to family members to train Put into an arranged marriage Chivalry Romance and Reality Brave, loyal and true to their word Fight fairly in warfare Protect the weak Placed women on a pedestal The World of Knights and Nobles

Manor Support Feudalism Manor was the heart of the feudal economy Serfs were bound to the land by contracts and could be bought and sold Lords and Peasants: Mutual Obligations Peasants Worked fields Repaired manor Ask permission to marry Payments made in goods Lords Farm lands for themselves Protect peasants Guaranteed food, housing and land Manor Support Feudalism

A Self Sufficient World Everything needed was produced in house Most never left a few miles outside the manor Most manors had small villages for peasants Good and bad land shared equally Pastures for animals Animals in forest were for the lord A Self Sufficient World

Peasant Life Life was harsh Worked sunup to sundown Children worked in fields Ate simple foods Disease took lots of people Life expectancy was about 35 years old Peasant Life

Established Germanic Kingdoms in Europe Vocabulary King Clovis Established Germanic Kingdoms in Europe Medieval Referring to the Middle Ages in Europe, or the period of history between ancient and modern times Franks A Germanic tribe that conquered present day France and neighboring lands in the 400s Charles Martel Led Frank warriors to defeat Muslims Battle of Tours Battle in 732 in which the Christian Franks led by Charles Martel defeated Muslim armies and stopped the Muslim advance into Europe Charlemagne Son of Charles Martel, led the Franks

An ethnic group centered in modern day Italy Vocabulary Magyars An ethnic group centered in modern day Italy Vikings Scandinavian farmers Feudalism Loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service another support to a greater lord Vassals A lord who was granted land in exchange for service and loyalty to a greater lord Feudal Contract Exchange of pledges between lords and vassals Fief In medieval Europe, an estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service or loyalty

Code of conduct for knights during the middle ages. Vocabulary Tournaments A mock battle in which knights would compete against one another to display their fighting skills Chivalry Code of conduct for knights during the middle ages. Troubadours A wondering poet or singer Manor During the middle ages in Europe, a lord’s estate, which included one or more villages and the surrounding lands Serfs A peasant bound to the lord’s land