2. 7.1 section summary

3. Book shelf corner—strong rulers emergency exit corner—Strong economies Teacher desk—A united religion Hall door—a large middle class

4. Read p. 27 witness history: tests of skill and courage

5. Describe how Germanic tribes carved Europe into small kingdoms after the collapse of the western Roman Empire. Explain how Charlemagne briefly reunited much of Western Europe. Analyze the impact of Muslim, Magyar, and Viking invasions on medieval Europe. Objectives

6. medieval – relating to the culture of Europe during the Middle Ages Franks – a Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and neighboring lands in the 400s Clovis – king of the Franks who established a kingdom in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman empire Charles Martel – a Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France battle of Tours – a battle in which Christians stopped the Muslim advance into Western Europe Charlemagne – the grandson of Charles Martel; he briefly united Western Europe when he built an empire stretching across France and Germany Magyars – nomadic people who overran Eastern Europe and parts of Western Europe after A.D. 900 Vikings – farmers &expert sailors from Scandinavia who raided European river towns starting in the late 700s

7. Clovis – Frankish king established a kingdom in Western Europe after Roman empire fell Charles Martel – Frankish leader rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France battle of Tours –Christians stopped the Muslim advance into Western Europe Charlemagne – the grandson of Charles Martel; he briefly united Western Europe when he built an empire stretching across France & Germany

8. How did Western Europe change after the collapse of the Roman empire? LG1 When the Roman empire disappeared from Western Europe, smaller Germanic kingdoms arose to replace it. Greco-Roman, Germanic, & Christian traditions blended during the Middle Ages/ medieval period (ca. 500–1500). LG 5

9. Europe declined during the early Middle Ages, for several reasons. 1.The unifying force of the Roman empire was gone. 2.The region was invaded repeatedly. a 3.Trade and classical learning decreased.

10. --Tribes of Vandals, Saxons, Goths, & Franks Unlike the Romans, the Germanic tribes were small communities with no written laws. In 486, the Frankish king Clovis conquered Gaul. He converted to Christianity & thus won the Roman pope’s support. LG1 After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes carved Western Europe into small kingdoms. LG 1

11. Starting in the 600s, Muslims built an empire in the Mediterranean region. Muslim armies conquered Spain & crossed into France. Charles Martel led Frankish warriors in the battle of Tours to push back the Muslims.

12. Martel’s grandson Charlemagne briefly united Western Europe. He fought Muslims, Saxons, Avars, Slavs, and Lombards. He aided the pope in Rome. So the pope crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans. Charlemagne was a skilled leader who brought scholars to his court & revived Latin learning.

13. When Pope Leo crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans, the idea of a united Christian empire was revived. Charlemagne spread Christianity to conquered people throughout his kingdom & set up a strong, efficient government. However, the pope’s action angered the emperor of the eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople & deepened the split between east & west.

14. After Charlemagne died, his empire was divided into three. His heirs faced waves of invasions.

15. Around 900, the Magyars overran Eastern Europe. They went on to plunder parts of Western Europe. After 50 years, the Magyars were pushed back into Hungary. Even after their defeat at Tours 732, Muslim forces posed a threat. Muslim armies conquered Sicily in the late 800s. Muslim attacks subsided after 900.

16. These Scandinavian people were expert sailors. They opened trade routes linking northern Europe to the Mediterranean. Vikings settled in England, Ireland, and parts of France and Russia. Charlemagne’s empire broke apart even more when the Vikings began raiding European coastal and river towns.

17. 1. Since Clovis ruled a powerful kingdom, how might his conversion have affected Europe? P. 28 2. How did the culture of the Germans differ from that of the Romans? 3. How did Charlemagne enlarge his kingdom? P. 30 4. Why did Charlemagne use education? 5. How did Charlemagne’s empire split? 6. What invasion threatened the kingdom? 7. How was the collapse of Charlemagne’s empire similar to the collapse of the Roman empire ?