1. Middle Ages Chapter 7 Chapter 8

2. Middle Ages AKA = Dark Ages –Little trade –No education –Mass invasions Historians say it was not dark Est. new civilization Medieval – Latin for “middle ages”

3. Germanic Kingdoms Goths, Vandals, Saxons, Franks Mostly farmers or herders Small communities No written law King elected by tribal council Warrior and king pact

4. King Clovis King of the Franks Conquers Gaul Converted to Christianity

5. Muslim Empire Islam formed in 600s Move across the Middle East, N. Africa, and into Spain

6. Charles Martel Raised an army to battle the Muslims in Frankish lands 732 – Battle of Tours –Martel’s Army defeats the Muslims

7. Charles the Great “Charlemagne” Takes the throne in 768 Ruled the empire built by his grandfather, Charles Martel Fought: Muslims in Spain, Saxons in the North, Avars and Slavs in the East, and Lombards in Italy

8. Charlemagne 799 – Pope Leo III asked him for help against rebellious nobles Pope makes Charlemagne emperor of Rome Results: –East and West split more –Unites Christians in Europe –Sets up power struggle

9. Gov’t of Charlemagne Nobles as governors Missi dominici – supervisors/advisors Officials expected to keep written reocrds

10. Society of Charlemagne Encouraged Latin learning Set up schools

11. Legacy of Charlemagne Died in 814 Son, Louis I rules –Grandsons fight over and divide the empire with the Treaty of Verdun Known for: –Extending Christianity –Set up a strong, efficient government

12. Invasions Muslims Magyars from Hungary Vikings from Scandinavia –Farmers ruled by chieftains –Explored, traded, pillaged

13. Feudalism Def. – a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords known as vassals –Land is exchanged for military service Feudal contract – exchange of pledges Fief – estate that may include peasants Liege lord – 1 st lord

14. Contract Protection in exchange for land, peasants, 40 days of military service, money, and sometimes advice

15. Feudal Organizer ???

16. Knights and Nobles Knight – a mounted warrior Sent at age 7 to father’s lord’s castle –Learn to ride and fight –Learn to maintain armor and weapons Fight with swords, axes, and lances while on horseback –Strict discipline –Laziness was beat out –Dubbed a knight at conclusion of training

17. Noblewomen Took over duties if husband was away Some event went to war Some were involved in politics Widow retain land Don’t typically inherit Dowry – land Women were apprentices as well

18. Chivalry Code of conduct Require bravery, loyalty, and honesty Fight fairly Only applied to nobles Must protect the weak Troubadours – wondering musicians

19. Manor System Lord’s estate Self-sufficient City-state Peasants – serfs- bound to the land –NOT slavery

20. Peasants and Lords Worked certain number of days Repaired fences, roads, bridges, ect Paid inheritance fee Paid mill fee Semi-annual fee (Christmas and Easter) –Paid with goods Guaranteed food, housing, and land

21. Land division Woods and hunting is for the Lord ONLY Land is divided in strips

22. Peasant Life Harsh, long hours Hungry in the winter Few live longer than 35yr. Diet: black bread and veggies –Very little meat –Fish if time allows